本文選題：使役結(jié)構(gòu) + 輕動詞理論��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：“使役”是人類語言中的一個重要范疇,因其語義關(guān)系和句法表現(xiàn)的復(fù)雜性而一直成為語言研究的中心論題之一。使役結(jié)構(gòu),又稱“役使結(jié)構(gòu)”,主要表達某人或某物的行為導(dǎo)致另外一人或事物狀態(tài)或位置的變化。國內(nèi)外研究者們分別從認知、語義、句法等不同的角度對使役結(jié)構(gòu)進行了研究,但對英漢語使役結(jié)構(gòu)的生成過程及異同的比較涉及較少。輕動詞理論,是生成句法理論的一個重要組成部分,因其最優(yōu)化表征動詞詞組深層次的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),被廣泛用來解釋各種語言句式的生成過程。從表現(xiàn)形式上,輕動詞既可以以自由語素形式出現(xiàn),也可以以詞綴或零語音形式的黏著語素形式出現(xiàn)。如果輕動詞屬于后者,則會呈現(xiàn)出強語素特征,吸引下層動詞短語中的動詞移位并與之合并。據(jù)此,根據(jù)不同的表現(xiàn)形式,本文將英漢使役結(jié)構(gòu)分為三類:句法分析型使役結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯綜合型使役結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)合型使役結(jié)構(gòu)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管英漢使役結(jié)構(gòu)的表層形式復(fù)雜多變,但它們的底層結(jié)構(gòu)是相對一致的。句法分析型使役結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為MS+V1+ES+EV,其中V1是以自由語素形式出現(xiàn)的使役輕動詞(比如:英語中的“make,have,let”,漢語中的“使、令、讓”);詞匯綜合型使役結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為MS+V+ES,輕動詞以詞綴或零語音的黏著語素形式存在,能吸引下層動詞短語中的動詞上移與之合并,構(gòu)成使役動詞;復(fù)合型使役結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為MS+MV+ES+EV或MS+MV+EV+ES,與前兩種結(jié)構(gòu)相比,該類結(jié)構(gòu)因出現(xiàn)了使事的具體動作MV而更為復(fù)雜。除了共同的底層結(jié)構(gòu)外,英漢使役結(jié)構(gòu)存在著很大的不同:英語顯性形態(tài)豐富,詞匯化程度高,傾向于使用單語素詞匯來表達使役關(guān)系,即詞匯綜合型使役結(jié)構(gòu),而漢語與之相反,更傾向于使用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或分析型的表達方式來體現(xiàn)使役關(guān)系。在生成句法的框架內(nèi),本文運用輕動詞理論對英漢語使役結(jié)構(gòu)進行全面的分類,通過系統(tǒng)的對比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)該類結(jié)構(gòu)多樣的表現(xiàn)形式和復(fù)雜的生成過程。探索英漢語中使役結(jié)構(gòu)的共性和個性,這將為以后英漢語相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究提供新思路。
[Abstract]:"causation" is an important category in human language. Because of the complexity of its semantic relationship and syntactic expression, it has always been one of the central topics in language research. Causative structure, also known as "easement structure", mainly expresses that the behavior of someone or something results in the change of the state or position of another person or thing. Researchers at home and abroad have studied causative structures from different perspectives such as cognition, semantics and syntax. However, there are few studies on the formation process, similarities and differences of causative structures in English and Chinese. Light verb theory is an important part of generative syntax theory. It is widely used to explain the generation process of various language sentence patterns because of its optimized representation of the deep internal structure of verb phrases. In terms of expression, light verbs can appear in the form of free morpheme, affix or zero phonetic form of cohesive morpheme. If the light verb belongs to the latter, it will show a strong morpheme and attract the verb in the lower verb phrase to shift and merge with it. Accordingly, according to different forms of expression, this paper classifies English and Chinese causative structures into three categories: syntactic analytical causative structures, lexical comprehensive causative structures and compound causative structures. It is found that although the surface forms of English and Chinese causative structures are complex and changeable, their underlying structures are relatively consistent. The syntactic analytic causative structure is MS V1 es EV, where V1 is a light verb in the form of a free morpheme (E. g., "make a verb" in English, "make a verb" in Chinese). The lexical comprehensive causative structure is MS V ES.The light verb exists in the form of affix or zero phonetic cohesive morpheme, which can attract the verb in the lower verb phrase to move up and merge with it to form the causative verb. The composite causative structure is composed of MS MV es EV or MS MV EV ESS. Compared with the former two kinds of structures, this kind of structure is more complex because of the emergence of specific action MV. In addition to the common underlying structure, there are great differences between English and Chinese causative structures: the dominant forms of English are abundant and the lexicalization degree is high, and they tend to use monolingual words to express causative relations, that is, lexical comprehensive causative structures. On the contrary, Chinese tends to use compound structure or analytical expression to reflect causative relationship. Within the framework of generative syntax, this paper classifies causative structures in English and Chinese comprehensively by using the theory of light verbs. Through systematic comparative analysis, it is found that this kind of structure has various forms of expression and complex generating process. This paper explores the commonness and individuality of causative structure in English and Chinese, which will provide a new idea for the study of related structure in English and Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H146.3;H314.3

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