本文選題：第三人稱代詞 + 年齡分層�。� 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著普通話的大力推廣和經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的快速發(fā)展,普通話與方言的接觸日益加強(qiáng);同時(shí)出于對(duì)普通話的認(rèn)同,方言在語(yǔ)音、詞匯、句法等方面逐漸向普通話靠攏,其中詞匯上的變化尤其明顯,具體表現(xiàn)為方言中一些特色詞匯逐漸向普通話形式靠攏。儒林話是城步苗族自治縣各民族的通用漢語(yǔ)方言,屬湘方言,該方言的人稱代詞有其特色,第三人稱代詞為“幾”,其起源可追溯到古漢語(yǔ)詞匯“其”、“之”或“渠”。復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱代詞則為“幾哩”。然而,隨著儒林話與普通話接觸的進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng),該方言的第三人稱代詞使用發(fā)生了明顯變異和變化。本研究以社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)語(yǔ)言接觸與語(yǔ)言變異理論為指導(dǎo),采用觀察、錄音訪談等方法,以城步本土33人作為調(diào)查對(duì)象,并運(yùn)用GOLDVARB X和EXCEL(2007)軟件,對(duì)語(yǔ)言接觸背景下的儒林話第三人稱代詞變異的年齡分層情況進(jìn)行考察。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),儒林話第三人稱代詞出現(xiàn)了新的變異形式(“他”、“他哩”和“他們”),是一種進(jìn)行中的變化。從分布來(lái)看,第三人稱代詞單數(shù)新形式“他”和舊形式“幾”使用總數(shù)量大體均等,但復(fù)數(shù)新形式“他哩”已經(jīng)比“幾哩”更有分布優(yōu)勢(shì)。新形式“他”隨年齡的減小而呈臥s形(緩慢增長(zhǎng)-激增-趨于平穩(wěn))增加,舊形式反之。第三人稱代詞使用在年齡上存在明顯年齡分層,以30歲為分水嶺,30歲以下人群更傾向使用新形式,但舊形式在30歲以上人群中仍占使用優(yōu)勢(shì)。該第三人稱代詞變異與說(shuō)話人和該第三人稱代詞所指對(duì)象的親密程度高度相關(guān),人們傾向于用“幾”稱呼與自身關(guān)系密切的事物以表示親近,如家人和朋友等;而對(duì)不熟悉的人和抽象概念等則更多使用“他”稱呼以表示客觀和疏遠(yuǎn)。此外,變異形式的使用與性別也呈一定相關(guān)性,女性使用新形式“他”的概率略高于男性。與普通話的接觸是造成第三人稱代詞變異的主要原因,青年人則是推動(dòng)該變異和變化的主力軍。方言詞匯中不僅保存著古漢語(yǔ)成分和面貌,也是地方風(fēng)俗文化的體現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)言是文化的載體,了解和記錄方言的變異與變化有助于加深人們對(duì)自身方言的了解和認(rèn)同,同時(shí)也對(duì)保護(hù)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言文化多樣性具有重要的作用。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous promotion of Putonghua and the rapid development of economy and culture, the contact between Putonghua and dialects has been strengthened day by day. At the same time, due to the recognition of Putonghua, dialects have gradually moved closer to Putonghua in the aspects of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax, etc. Among them, the change of vocabulary is especially obvious, which shows that some special words in dialects are gradually moving closer to Putonghua. Julin dialect is a common Chinese dialect of all nationalities in Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, which belongs to Xiang dialect. The personal pronoun of this dialect has its own characteristics. The third person pronoun is "several", and its origin can be traced back to the ancient Chinese words "Qi", "Zhi" or "qu". The plural third person pronoun is a few miles. However, with the further strengthening of the contact between Julin dialect and Putonghua, the use of the third person pronoun in this dialect has changed obviously. Under the guidance of sociolinguistic language contact and language variation theory, using observation and recording interviews, 33 native Chengbu people were investigated, and GOLDVARB X and excel (2007) software were used. This paper investigates the age stratification of the third person pronoun variation in the context of language contact. The investigation found that the third person pronouns in Julin dialect appeared new forms of variation ("he", "he" and "them"), which was an ongoing change. From the distribution point of view, the new singular form "he" and the old "several" of the third person pronoun are roughly equal in number, but the new form of "he mi" in the plural has more distributional advantages than "a few miles". The new form of "he" increases with the decrease of age. There are obvious age stratification in the use of the third person pronoun. The people under 30 are more inclined to use the new form, but the old form is still dominant in the population over 30 years of age. The variation of the third person pronoun is highly related to the intimate degree of the speaker and the object referred to in the third person pronoun, and people tend to use "several" names to express their closeness, such as family and friends. For unfamiliar people and abstract concepts, the term "he" is more often used to indicate objectivity and alienation. In addition, the use of variant forms is also correlated with gender, and women are slightly more likely to use the new form of "he" than men. The contact with Putonghua is the main reason for the variation of the third person pronoun, and the youth is the main force to promote the variation and change. Dialect vocabulary not only preserves ancient Chinese elements and features, but also reflects local customs and culture. Language is the carrier of culture. Understanding and recording the variation and change of dialects is helpful to deepen people's understanding and recognition of their own dialects, and it also plays an important role in protecting the diversity of Chinese languages and cultures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H174

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