本文選題：敦煌　切入點(diǎn)：氏族譜　出處：《敦煌學(xué)輯刊》2017年01期

【摘要】：奴婢是秦及漢初的一個(gè)賤民階層。研究奴婢制度的特征,有助于我們?nèi)娑稚羁痰卣J(rèn)識(shí)奴婢這一弱勢群體。文章以簡牘文獻(xiàn)為主,結(jié)合傳世經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn),對(duì)秦及漢初奴婢制度的特征進(jìn)行了分析。其特征如下:一是各階層普遍擁有奴婢。二是不同時(shí)期奴婢的主要來源成分不同。戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期奴婢主要來自于戰(zhàn)俘,秦朝奴婢主要來源于罪犯及其收孥而來的罪犯家屬。秦末漢初奴婢主要來源于破產(chǎn)農(nóng)民。三是民間奴婢買賣盛行。四是奴婢用途廣泛。奴婢除當(dāng)作商品用來交換外,還從事各種生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng),包括家內(nèi)雜務(wù)和農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)及經(jīng)商,男奴充兵或代主人服役,女婢殉葬。五是奴婢有一定的社會(huì)地位,體現(xiàn)在生命權(quán)、財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)及法律地位上。
[Abstract]:Slaves and maidservants are an untouchable stratum in Qin and early Han dynasties. Studying the characteristics of slave and maidservant system is helpful for us to fully and profoundly understand this vulnerable group. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the slave maidservant system in Qin and early Han Dynasty. The characteristics are as follows: first, all classes generally have slaves; second, the main sources of slaves in different periods are different. The slaves of warring States period mainly came from prisoners of war. Slaves in the Qin Dynasty mainly came from criminals and their families who received children. Slaves mainly came from bankrupt peasants in the late Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty. Third, folk slave maidservants were popular. Fourth, slaves were widely used. Slaves were used as commodities, except for commodities. He also engaged in various kinds of productive labor, including household chores and agriculture, handicraft production and business, male slaves serving in the army or serving for their masters, and female maidservants being buried. Fifth, slaves and maidservants have a certain social status, which is reflected in the right to life, property rights and legal status.
【作者單位】： 西安財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)編輯部;
【分類號(hào)】：H121;K877.5

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本文編號(hào)：1653789