本文關(guān)鍵詞： 紹興方言 語調(diào) 音高 起伏度　出處：《紹興文理學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文從語調(diào)最基本的聲學(xué)參數(shù)——音高入手,運(yùn)用語調(diào)格局理論,通過起伏度分析,對(duì)紹興方言四位發(fā)音人的陳述句與疑問句(其中疑問句細(xì)分為正反問句、特指問句與選擇問句),共384個(gè)樣品句,采取實(shí)驗(yàn)語音學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行深入地研究,探討這幾種句類語調(diào)格局的共性、個(gè)性與規(guī)律。綜合各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比分析后,得出如下結(jié)論:紹興方言陳述句與疑問句語調(diào)在本次研究中有很多相同點(diǎn)。(1)四種句類整體呈音高下傾趨勢(shì)。一般來說,人們?nèi)菀装岩蓡柧渑c升調(diào)聯(lián)系在一起,但是由于紹興方言疑問句中有疑問詞分擔(dān)了疑問語氣,使得三種類型的疑問句呈現(xiàn)了和陳述句一樣的下傾趨勢(shì)。(2)音高的最低點(diǎn)是句末的下線,句末調(diào)域最大化擴(kuò)展,陳述句與疑問句都呈現(xiàn)出邊界調(diào)的特點(diǎn)。(3)從百分比值看,四種句類都沒有在調(diào)域最高處達(dá)到最大值100%。(4)四種句類的起伏度數(shù)據(jù)中均有負(fù)值出現(xiàn)。縱觀各家文章,陳述句Q值均為正值,明顯與疑問句有所區(qū)別,但紹興方言陳述句中有負(fù)值出現(xiàn),只是相較其他三種類型疑問句,數(shù)量要少很多。陳述句與疑問句在聲學(xué)表現(xiàn)上也有很多不同點(diǎn)。(1)三種疑問句的句調(diào)域均大于陳述句。其中,從整體上看,選擇問句為最大,其次是正反問句,最小為特指問句。(2)在每種疑問句的調(diào)群調(diào)域中,各自表現(xiàn)突出的“焦點(diǎn)”的百分比值按照從大到小的順序排列為:正反問句選擇問句特指問句。也就是說,在疑問語氣的表達(dá)手段中,表達(dá)疑問語義強(qiáng)度的排列順序是:“V不V”結(jié)構(gòu)選擇結(jié)構(gòu)特指疑問詞。(3)從百分比值看,陳述句沒有在調(diào)域最低處達(dá)到最小值0%,而疑問句均達(dá)到了。(4)從句首調(diào)群起點(diǎn)Q0看,從大到小順序?yàn)?特指問句正反問句選擇問句陳述句。陳述句的Q0上線、中線、下線均為最小。(5)從全句起伏度Q值來看,陳述句上線、中線、下線下降幅度在20.5%—27%之間,降幅相差不大。正反問句在14%-38%之間,為最大;選擇問句在19%-42%之間,為第二;特指問句在21%-39%之間,為第三。
[Abstract]:This paper starts with the most basic acoustic parameter of intonation-pitch, applies the theory of intonation pattern, through the analysis of fluctuation, to the declarative sentences and interrogative sentences of the four speakers in Shaoxing dialect, in which the interrogative sentences are subdivided into positive and rhetorical sentences. A total of 384 sample sentences, especially questions and selected questions, were studied in depth by means of experimental phonetics to explore the commonness, individuality and regularity of the intonation patterns of these sentence types. The conclusion is as follows: there are many similarities between the declarative sentence and the interrogative sentence intonation of Shaoxing dialect in this study. However, because the interrogative words in the interrogative sentences in Shaoxing dialect share the interrogative mood, the three types of interrogative sentences show the same downward trend as the declarative sentences.) the lowest pitch is the bottom line of the sentence end, and the maximum expansion of the final tone field. Both declarative and interrogative sentences show the characteristics of boundary tone. (3) from the percentage value, none of the four sentence classes has negative values in the fluctuation data of the four sentence categories, which have not reached the maximum at the highest point in the tone domain. The Q value of declarative sentences is positive, which is obviously different from that of interrogative sentences, but there are negative values in declarative sentences in Shaoxing dialect, only compared with the other three types of interrogative sentences. The number is much smaller. There are also many differences in acoustical performance between declarative and interrogative sentences.) the three kinds of interrogative sentences all have larger tonality fields than declarative sentences. In general, the choice of question is the largest, followed by positive and negative questions. The minimum is a special question. 2) the percentage values of the outstanding "focus" of each question are arranged in the order from large to small: positive and negative questions select specific questions. That is to say, In the means of expressing interrogative mood, the order of semantic intensity of expressing interrogative is: "V BV" structure selection structure refers to interrogative word. The statement sentence does not reach the minimum value of 0 at the lowest point in the tone field, but the interrogative sentence has reached the starting point of Q0. The order from large to small is as follows: the special question sentence is positive and negative question sentence choice question statement sentence, the statement sentence Q0 line, the middle line, From the point of view of Q value of the fluctuation degree of the whole sentence, the descending range of the upper line, the middle line and the lower line of the statement sentence is between 20.5- 27%, the difference is not significant, the positive and negative questions are between 14% and 38%, the choice questions are between 19% and 42%, the second is the second. The specific question is between 21% and 39%, the third.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：紹興文理學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H173

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