本文關(guān)鍵詞： 非范疇化 量詞個 《石頭記》　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：量詞是漢語中的特殊詞類,既具有實詞的某些特征,又明顯表現(xiàn)出虛化的特征。在眾多量詞之中,"個"又明顯具有特殊性,屬于泛化量詞,并且"個"存在部分非量詞用法。清代屬于近代漢語向現(xiàn)代漢語過渡的重要時間節(jié)點,承前啟后,而《石頭記》一書又是這一時期眾多話本小說的巔峰之作,可以在相當程度上反映這一時期的語言發(fā)展狀貌,因此,本研究以清代古典小說《石頭記》為封閉語料庫進行研究。由于《石頭記》成書年代較早(約十八世紀中葉)且多以鈔本流傳,出現(xiàn)了許多不同的鈔本。在眾多鈔本中,因"庚辰本"抄成時間較早(約公元一七六一以后)且存留較為完整(現(xiàn)存七十八回),而"南圖本"留存精良,抄寫字跡工整,錯訛處少,是一種經(jīng)系統(tǒng)整理的"戚序本",故此選定人民文學出版社1993年影印出版的《脂硯齋重評石頭記》("庚辰本")和2011年影印出版的《戚蓼生序本石頭記》("南圖本")為語料底本,力求最大程度反映鈔本原貌,保證研究結(jié)果相對準確反映出量詞"個"在清代的使用狀貌。本研究從非范疇化的視角出發(fā),采用定性定量相結(jié)合的方法,從微觀與宏觀兩個維度把握了"個"在《石頭記》中的整體分布特征和具體使用差異,統(tǒng)計出"個"在書中出現(xiàn)的總頻次為3857次,量詞用法有3748次,非量詞用法出現(xiàn)109例,隨后分析了各種用法的具體差異,修飾不同類別"人"的表達的量詞"個"、帶有指示詞性質(zhì)的"這個"和"那個"和"個"的結(jié)構(gòu)助詞用法,旨在從"個"的使用頻率和用法差異中歸納出其在清代的使用規(guī)律,進而探究其背后的理據(jù)。本研究主要有以下幾個發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)量詞"個"的語義搭配維度相當廣泛,搭配能力強,既可以修飾沒有專有量詞的名詞,也可以搭配由專有量詞修飾的名詞;(2)"個"已經(jīng)由最初的量詞用法逐漸發(fā)展出三種不同的用法:量詞、結(jié)構(gòu)助詞和指示代詞;(3)在整體使用頻次中,"個"的量詞用法依然占據(jù)主導地位;(4)在非量詞用法中,"個"的結(jié)構(gòu)助詞用法最為廣泛;(5)從非范疇化的理論視角出發(fā),可以推定"個"的非量詞用法是由量詞用法的泛化演變而來。本研究表明,《石頭記》中"個"不僅在量詞用法中出現(xiàn)了非范疇化現(xiàn)象,而且在量詞向非量詞用法轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中也發(fā)生了非范疇化。本研究探討了量詞"個"非范疇化現(xiàn)象及其背后的理據(jù),同時也為漢語量詞研究及《石頭記》和"紅學"的相關(guān)研究提供了一種有益的探索和嘗試。
[Abstract]:Quantifier is a special part of speech in Chinese, which has some features of notional words and obviously shows the characteristics of vacuity. Among the many classifiers, "individual" has its own particularity and belongs to generalizable quantifiers. The Qing Dynasty belongs to the important time node of the transition from modern Chinese to modern Chinese, connecting the past with the future, and the book Stone is the peak of many novels in this period. It can reflect the language development of this period to a certain extent, therefore. In this study, the classical novel Stone in Qing Dynasty was used as a closed corpus. As the book was written earlier (about the middle of 18th century), it was mostly circulated in banknote. There were many different notebooks. Among the numerous notebooks, the Gengchen version was copied earlier (about 1761 AD) and remained relatively intact (existing 78 copies), while the Nantu Book was well preserved. Copying and writing is neat, error is less, is a systematic collation of "Qi Xue Ben." Therefore, selected people's Literature Press in 1993 photocopied and published "Zhi Yan Zhai re-comment on the Stone" ("Geng Chen") and 2011 photocopy of "Qi Sheng Preface Stone Notes" ("Nan Tu Ben"). Is the base of the corpus. Try to reflect the original appearance of banknote to the greatest extent, to ensure that the results of the study relatively accurately reflect the use of the quantifier "individual" in the Qing Dynasty. This study from the perspective of non-categorization, the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. From the microcosmic and macroscopic aspects, the author grasps the overall distribution characteristics and the concrete use difference of "individual" in Stones, and statistics out the total frequency of "individual" appearing in the book is 3 857 times. There are 3748 times of classifier usage and 109 cases of non-classifier usage. Then the paper analyzes the concrete differences of various usage and modifies the quantifier "individual" of different categories of "human" expression. The use of "this" and "that" and "individual" structural auxiliary words with the nature of deixis is intended to sum up the rules of their use in the Qing Dynasty from the frequency and differences in the use of "individual". The main findings of this study are as follows: 1) the semantic collocation dimension of the classifier "individual" is quite extensive, and the collocation ability is strong, which can modify the nouns with no proprietary classifiers. They can also be collocated with nouns modified by proprietary quantifiers; (2) "GE" has gradually developed three different usages from the initial quantifier usage: quantifier, structural auxiliary and demonstrative pronoun; 3) in the whole usage frequency, the quantifier usage of "individual" still occupies the dominant position; (4) among the non-quantifiers, the structural auxiliary word of "Qi" is the most widely used. 5) from the perspective of the theory of non-categorization, it can be presumed that the usage of "individual" is derived from the generalization of the use of classifiers. The "one" in Stone is not only a phenomenon of non-categorization in the use of quantifiers. And in the process of transformation from quantifier to non-classifier, the study discusses the phenomenon of "individual" non-categorization and its underlying motivation. At the same time, it provides a useful exploration and attempt for the study of Chinese quantifiers and related studies of Stone and Hongxue.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.2

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