《金瓶梅詞話》三音詞研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-26 19:39
【摘要】：本文以近代漢語(yǔ)的代表作《金瓶梅詞話》(以下都簡(jiǎn)稱《詞話》)中的三音詞為研究對(duì)象。我們對(duì)該書(shū)進(jìn)行了窮盡檢索,共收集到三音詞語(yǔ)1074個(gè)。其中名詞717個(gè),動(dòng)詞124個(gè),形容詞174個(gè),副詞33個(gè),代詞12個(gè),擬聲詞13個(gè),連詞1個(gè)。本文采用定量分析和定性研究相結(jié)合,共時(shí)描寫(xiě)和歷時(shí)考察相對(duì)比的方法。通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)形式、語(yǔ)義特征及發(fā)展演變等幾個(gè)方面的研究,力求全面展現(xiàn)《詞話》三音詞的面貌,并揭示其發(fā)展規(guī)律。 緒論介紹了《詞話》詞語(yǔ)的研究現(xiàn)狀,近代漢語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)三音詞的研究現(xiàn)狀以及本研究的意義。第一章參考學(xué)界相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)和詞典收詞原則界定了本文的研究對(duì)象：既包括部分學(xué)者嚴(yán)格定義的三音節(jié)詞,也包括部分學(xué)者視為固定語(yǔ)的一些三音節(jié)組合。此外還總體論述了《詞話》中三音詞結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)用等方面的特點(diǎn)。第二、三章重點(diǎn)分析了《詞話》三音詞中名、動(dòng)、形等類詞的結(jié)構(gòu)特征。對(duì)各種結(jié)構(gòu)類型進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的統(tǒng)計(jì)和歸類,并將我們得到的數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)三音詞研究的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較。第四章首先考察三音詞語(yǔ)素義與詞義之間的關(guān)系,我們將其分為具體關(guān)系和抽象關(guān)系兩大類來(lái)分別分析。然后分析了三音詞的內(nèi)部形式和語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)以及語(yǔ)義層次,并談了語(yǔ)義分析對(duì)詞典釋義的啟示。第五章主要考察《詞話》三音詞的歷時(shí)發(fā)展情況,即其在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的狀況,包括形式和意義等方面。 通過(guò)本研究我們能夠得到以下結(jié)論。 《詞話》三音詞包括單純?cè)~和合成詞,以包括派生式和復(fù)合式的合成詞占大多數(shù)。派生式三音詞的詞綴種類少于雙音詞,一些詞綴幾乎不能構(gòu)成三音詞如“阿”綴。從音節(jié)模式來(lái)看,三音名詞“2+1”式明顯多于多于“1+2”式。三音動(dòng)詞和三音形容詞的音節(jié)模式則以“1+2”式為主�？偭縼�(lái)看仍以“2+1”音節(jié)模式最多,這一趨勢(shì)從古代漢語(yǔ)到現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)日趨明顯 從結(jié)構(gòu)模式來(lái)看,偏正結(jié)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)三音名詞,動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)三音動(dòng)詞,ABB模式主導(dǎo)三音形容詞�！对~話》三音詞各種結(jié)構(gòu)類型所占的比例和現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)三音詞基本一致,體現(xiàn)了近、現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)之間的密切聯(lián)系。三音詞的雙音詞根結(jié)構(gòu)種類很多,以偏正式居多�！对~話》三音詞的內(nèi)部形式豐富多樣,三音詞在《詞話》中形成多個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng),三音詞在語(yǔ)義層次方面多位于下屬義層。 形式和意義完整地保存在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話中的三音詞僅占一小部分,大部分已退出現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話詞匯,主要原因是所指稱事物的消失,也有部分保存在方言中。部分三音詞形式保存意義變化,主要體現(xiàn)在義項(xiàng)數(shù)量的增減方面,也有些詞的詞義完全改變。部分三音詞意義沒(méi)變,形式發(fā)生了變化,多數(shù)變?yōu)殡p音詞,少數(shù)變?yōu)樗囊艄?jié)形式,還有一些仍為三音節(jié)但部分語(yǔ)素發(fā)生了變化。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the trisyllabic words in Jinpingmei dialect, the representative work of modern Chinese, as the object of study. We searched the book with all our efforts and collected a total of 1074 trisyllabic words. There are 717 nouns, 124 verbs, 174 adjectives, 33 adverbs, 12 pronouns, 13 onomatopoeia and 1 conjunction. In this paper, quantitative analysis and qualitative research are combined, synchronic description and diachronic investigation are compared. Through the study of structural form, semantic features and development and evolution, this paper tries to show the appearance of trisyllabic words in an all-round way and reveal the law of their development. The introduction introduces the research status of words, the research status of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese and modern Chinese, and the significance of this study. The first chapter defines the research object of this paper with reference to the relevant views of the academic circles and the principle of accepting words in dictionaries: it includes not only the trisyllabic words strictly defined by some scholars, but also some three-syllable combinations that some scholars regard as fixed language. In addition, this paper also discusses the characteristics of trisyllabic structure and pragmatics in ci dialect. Second, the third chapter focuses on the analysis of the structural characteristics of name, movement, form and other words in the trisyllabic words. This paper makes a detailed statistics and classification of various structural types, and compares the data obtained with the relevant data of the study of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese. In the fourth chapter, we first investigate the relationship between the meaning of trisyllabic words and the meaning of words, and we divide them into two categories: concrete relationship and abstract relationship. Then it analyzes the internal form, semantic field and semantic level of trisyllabic words, and discusses the enlightenment of semantic analysis to dictionary interpretation. The fifth chapter mainly investigates the diachronic development of trisyllabic words, that is, their situation in modern Chinese, including form and meaning. Through this study, we can draw the following conclusions. The trisyllabic words include simple words and compound words, with the majority of compound words including derivative and compound words. The affixes of derivative trisyllabic words are less than those of disyllabic words, and some affixes can hardly constitute trisyllabic words such as "A" affixes. From the point of view of syllable pattern, the "21" form of trisyllabic noun is obviously more than that of "12" type. The syllable pattern of trisyllabic verbs and trisyllabic adjectives is mainly in the form of "1 2". From ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, the correct structure dominates the trisyllabic noun, the verb-object structure dominates the trisyllabic verb, and the ABB mode dominates the trisyllabic adjective. The proportion of the various structural types of the trisyllabic word in < word dialect > is basically the same as that in the modern Chinese trisyllabic word, which reflects the close relationship between the near and the modern Chinese. There are many kinds of disyllabic root structures of trisyllabic words, most of which are formal. The internal forms of trisyllabic words are rich and diverse, the trisyllabic words form many semantic fields in the word dialect, and the trisyllabic words are mostly located in the subordinate semantic level. The trisyllabic words, which are completely preserved in modern Chinese Putonghua in form and meaning, account for only a small part, and most of them have been withdrawn from modern Chinese Putonghua vocabulary, mainly because of the disappearance of the things referred to, and some of them are preserved in dialects. The change of meaning in the form of some trisyllabic words is mainly reflected in the increase and decrease of the number of semantic items, and the meaning of some words is completely changed. The meaning of some trisyllabic words has not changed, the form has changed, most of them have become disyllabic words, a few of them have become four-syllable forms, and some of them are still trisyllabic but some morphemes have changed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H134
本文編號(hào)：2506436
[Abstract]:This paper takes the trisyllabic words in Jinpingmei dialect, the representative work of modern Chinese, as the object of study. We searched the book with all our efforts and collected a total of 1074 trisyllabic words. There are 717 nouns, 124 verbs, 174 adjectives, 33 adverbs, 12 pronouns, 13 onomatopoeia and 1 conjunction. In this paper, quantitative analysis and qualitative research are combined, synchronic description and diachronic investigation are compared. Through the study of structural form, semantic features and development and evolution, this paper tries to show the appearance of trisyllabic words in an all-round way and reveal the law of their development. The introduction introduces the research status of words, the research status of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese and modern Chinese, and the significance of this study. The first chapter defines the research object of this paper with reference to the relevant views of the academic circles and the principle of accepting words in dictionaries: it includes not only the trisyllabic words strictly defined by some scholars, but also some three-syllable combinations that some scholars regard as fixed language. In addition, this paper also discusses the characteristics of trisyllabic structure and pragmatics in ci dialect. Second, the third chapter focuses on the analysis of the structural characteristics of name, movement, form and other words in the trisyllabic words. This paper makes a detailed statistics and classification of various structural types, and compares the data obtained with the relevant data of the study of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese. In the fourth chapter, we first investigate the relationship between the meaning of trisyllabic words and the meaning of words, and we divide them into two categories: concrete relationship and abstract relationship. Then it analyzes the internal form, semantic field and semantic level of trisyllabic words, and discusses the enlightenment of semantic analysis to dictionary interpretation. The fifth chapter mainly investigates the diachronic development of trisyllabic words, that is, their situation in modern Chinese, including form and meaning. Through this study, we can draw the following conclusions. The trisyllabic words include simple words and compound words, with the majority of compound words including derivative and compound words. The affixes of derivative trisyllabic words are less than those of disyllabic words, and some affixes can hardly constitute trisyllabic words such as "A" affixes. From the point of view of syllable pattern, the "21" form of trisyllabic noun is obviously more than that of "12" type. The syllable pattern of trisyllabic verbs and trisyllabic adjectives is mainly in the form of "1 2". From ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, the correct structure dominates the trisyllabic noun, the verb-object structure dominates the trisyllabic verb, and the ABB mode dominates the trisyllabic adjective. The proportion of the various structural types of the trisyllabic word in < word dialect > is basically the same as that in the modern Chinese trisyllabic word, which reflects the close relationship between the near and the modern Chinese. There are many kinds of disyllabic root structures of trisyllabic words, most of which are formal. The internal forms of trisyllabic words are rich and diverse, the trisyllabic words form many semantic fields in the word dialect, and the trisyllabic words are mostly located in the subordinate semantic level. The trisyllabic words, which are completely preserved in modern Chinese Putonghua in form and meaning, account for only a small part, and most of them have been withdrawn from modern Chinese Putonghua vocabulary, mainly because of the disappearance of the things referred to, and some of them are preserved in dialects. The change of meaning in the form of some trisyllabic words is mainly reflected in the increase and decrease of the number of semantic items, and the meaning of some words is completely changed. The meaning of some trisyllabic words has not changed, the form has changed, most of them have become disyllabic words, a few of them have become four-syllable forms, and some of them are still trisyllabic but some morphemes have changed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H134
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