【摘要】：方言詞語的考釋古已有之，但迄今為止，有關(guān)靖遠(yuǎn)方言詞語的研究成果并不多。因此，本文以自己家鄉(xiāng)話為基礎(chǔ)，借助《廣韻》、《漢語大字典》等工具書，用所學(xué)的漢語言文字學(xué)相關(guān)知識(shí)盡可能系統(tǒng)地對靖遠(yuǎn)話里常說又寫不出的或雖然常見卻與普通話讀音有些不同的字作以考釋，以呈現(xiàn)靖遠(yuǎn)方言詞語的大致面貌。其步驟是：首先，在學(xué)習(xí)《甘肅省靖遠(yuǎn)縣方言音系》的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)該方言的《同音字匯》，初步梳理出一批寫不出字的方言詞。其次，查閱《漢語大字典》，從中摘出與靖遠(yuǎn)話形音義相同或相近的字并作篩選。再次，以韻書反切為依據(jù)，，從聲、韻、調(diào)三方面考察古今語音的演變規(guī)律，并據(jù)韻書中相應(yīng)的詞義訓(xùn)釋和其它文獻(xiàn)用例嚴(yán)格考察詞義。如古代音義與方言音義相吻合，即認(rèn)定為本字。文獻(xiàn)用例的查找多數(shù)通過《漢語大字典》等工具書的提示。共考釋詞語86個(gè)。 本文依黃伯榮、廖序東《現(xiàn)代漢語》（第三版）①對詞類的劃分，將所考釋的詞語分為四類，即動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞、擬聲詞。考釋動(dòng)詞47個(gè)，形容詞14個(gè)，名詞23個(gè)，擬聲詞2個(gè)。并對所考釋出的詞語從音、義兩方面作以小結(jié)。對方言詞語的考釋，要顧及音、義、形、書證等多方面。因此，對每個(gè)字的古今語音演變規(guī)律的解說，可為漢語語音史提供古今語音演變的材料。在靖遠(yuǎn)話中，有保留古音的痕跡。如“古無輕唇音”、“古無舌上音”、“娘、日二紐歸泥”說等。今普通話讀[t]、[t(?)]、[(?)]聲母的，在靖遠(yuǎn)方言中讀相應(yīng)的[k]、[k]、[x]聲母或[ts]、[t(?)]、[s]聲母等。因有些詞是今通語中消亡但今方言中存活的詞，可為漢語詞匯史提供相關(guān)信息。如，“鞔”、“b}”、“洎”、“(言冉)”、“f”、“V*”等詞，今普通話中已不用但在方言中仍活躍著。同時(shí)，也為一些方言詞找到了可靠的書寫形式，如，表量詞“捆”義的“(^u束)”，今常以“件”代之，非也。謂物因磨損漸銷曰[z33]，今人多以“易”代之，非也，其正確書寫形式應(yīng)為“R欏�。谓粘着灾X鍰逕系腦嘍髟弧骯竁?”的“W?”，今多以“痂”代之，非也�！癢?”與“痂”雖音近，但義不同。這對方言、漢字等研究具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The textual research on dialect words has existed in ancient times, but so far, there are not many research results on Jingyuan dialect words. Therefore, this paper is based on his own local dialect, with the help of "Guangyun", "Chinese Dictionary" and other reference books, As far as possible, we use the relevant knowledge of Chinese philology to systematically study the words that are often said and can not be written in Jingyuan dialect, or which are often different from Putonghua pronunciation, in order to present the general appearance of Jingyuan dialect words. The steps are as follows: first of all, on the basis of learning the dialect phonetic system of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province, according to the homonym of the dialect, a number of dialect words that can not be written are preliminarily sorted out. Secondly, look up the Chinese Dictionary, pick out the words with the same or similar phonetic meaning as Jingyuan dialect and screen them. Thirdly, based on the reverse cutting of rhyme books, the evolution law of ancient and modern pronunciation is investigated from three aspects: sound, rhyme and tone, and the meaning of words is strictly investigated according to the corresponding word meaning interpretation and other literature use cases in rhyme books. If the ancient phonetic meaning coincides with the dialect phonetic meaning, it is recognized as the present word. Most of the literature use cases are prompted by reference books such as the Great Chinese Dictionary. A total of 86 words were examined and interpreted. According to the division of modern Chinese (third edition) by Huang Bolong and Liao Xudong, the words tested and interpreted are divided into four categories, namely verbs, adjectives, nouns and onomatopoeia. There are 47 verbs, 14 adjectives, 23 nouns and 2 onomatopoeia. And make a summary of the words from the sound and meaning of the words. The textual research and interpretation of each other's words should take into account sound, meaning, form, documentary evidence and so on. Therefore, the explanation of the evolution law of ancient and modern pronunciation of each word can provide the material of ancient and modern phonetic evolution for the history of Chinese pronunciation. In Jingyuan dialect, there are traces of retaining ancient sounds. For example, there is no light lip sound in ancient times, there is no sound on the tongue in ancient times, and the theory of "Niang, the second New York of Japan returning to the mud" and so on. Today's Mandarin reading [t], [t (?)], [(?)] The consonant reads the corresponding [k], [x] consonant or [ts], [t (?)], [s] consonant in Jingyuan dialect. Because some words are words that die in today's general language but survive in today's dialect, they can provide relevant information for the history of Chinese vocabulary. For example, the words "Yi", "b}", "Yan ran", "f" and "V *" are no longer used in Putonghua but are still active in dialects. At the same time, it also finds a reliable writing form for some dialect words, such as the measure word "bundles" (^ u bundles), which is often replaced by "pieces" today. The predicate is gradually sold because of wear and tear [z33]. Nowadays, most people replace it with "Yi", not also. Its correct writing form should be "R chiao thin N straw next to the brain?" Filthy? " Today, most of them are replaced by "scab", not also. "W?" Although it is close to scab, it has a different meaning. This has certain reference value for the study of dialects, Chinese characters and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H17

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本文編號(hào)：2484351