【摘要】：本文在生成句法框架下考察了現(xiàn)代漢語普通話中的量詞重疊式結構(也稱CC式)。 本文認為漢語中量詞的功能為“個體化”。量詞重疊應屬詞法層面,是一個“復量個體化”(Multiply-individualize)的操作,通過語法形式上的“復量”來實現(xiàn)語法意義上的“復量”。通過多次“個體化”集合內成員,來確定整個集合,從而得到全量解讀。該操作使得量詞重疊式帶有復數(shù)特征[+P]、量化特征[+Q]和定指特征[+D],在語義上理解為“遍指義”。本文考察了漢語中可以重疊的量詞,發(fā)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)代漢語普通話依舊使用的單音節(jié)量詞中,絕大多數(shù)(約90%)可以重疊,不能重疊的量詞可以用四條限定條件來解釋。 在“最簡方案”的特征核查理論框架下,基于“多重特征核查理論”,本文重點考察了量詞重疊式所在名詞詞組及其所在句子的生成過程。 量詞重疊式CC和單個量詞都是詞庫中的備選詞項�！皬土總�體化”操作發(fā)生在詞庫之中。CC可以填入量詞短語CIP的中心語CI處。CC式所在的名詞短語是一個DP結構,在LF層面中,D位置上未取值的[D]特征與CI位置上CC的[+D]特征核查通過后,整個短語獲得定指義解讀�；诖朔治�,我們還比較了“CC”和“一CC”之間的結構和語義差別。 本文通過實際語料考察發(fā)現(xiàn)量詞重疊式一般出現(xiàn)周遍性主語句和話題句中,“都”在這兩類句子中都起到了非常重要的作用。我們根據(jù)結構的不同將考察句式分為六類,先從“都”語義特征和句法功能入手,考察了“都”字句的結構為[DouP Spec[Dou都VP]],其中“都”帶有強EPP特征OCC、復數(shù)特征[+P]、強量化特征[+Q]�！岸肌钡摹岸嘀亓炕惫δ苓�決定了“都”可以帶有兩個指示語位置。這些特征驅動了VP內的論元成分向上移動并與“都”核查特征,從而使句子成功生成。在量詞重疊式出現(xiàn)的話題句中,話題基礎生成在TopP的Spec位置,其余部分生成過程如同含“都”的周遍性主語句。除此之外,我們還討論了兩種歧義句的情況,并分析了歧義原因。 最后,本文將量詞重疊CC式與其他能表示全稱量化的結構進行了比較。從邏輯語義的角度分析認為“CC”實際上是一個加合算子。加合算子“CC”作用于名詞,加合算子“都”作用于事件,進而解釋了CC式所在周遍性主語句中“都”的隱現(xiàn)規(guī)律及原因。我們比較了“CC”、“每”和“所有”三個相關成分,認為“CC”是加合算子、“每”是分配算子、“所有”是全稱量化算子。三者的語義功能差異影響了各自的句法表現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the reduplicated structure of classifiers (also known as CC) in modern Chinese Putonghua is investigated in the framework of generative syntax. This paper holds that the function of classifiers in Chinese is individualization. The overlapping of classifiers should belong to the lexical level and is an operation of "Multiply-individualize", which realizes the "complex quantity" in the grammatical sense through the "complex quantity" in the grammatical form. Through many "individualized" members of the collection, the whole set is determined, and the full interpretation is obtained. This operation makes the quantifier reduplicated with complex features [P], quantitative features [Q] and attributive features [D], which is understood as "ergodic meaning" in semantics. This paper examines the quantifiers that can be overlapped in Chinese, and finds that the vast majority (about 90%) of the monosyllabic classifiers that can still be used in modern Chinese Putonghua can be overlapped, and the quantifiers that can not be overlapped can be explained by four constraints. Under the framework of the feature verification theory of the minimalist scheme and based on the multi-feature verification theory, this paper focuses on the formation process of the noun phrases in which the quantifier reduplicates are located and the sentences in which they are located. The reduplicated CC and a single quantifier are alternative words in the lexicon. The "complex individualization" operation takes place in the vocabulary. CC can fill in the central language CI of the quantifier phrase CIP. The noun phrase in which the CCL is located is a DP structure, at the LF level, After the verification of the [D] feature of the unvalued [D] feature at the D position and the [D] feature of the CC at the CI position, the whole phrase is interpreted with definite meaning. Based on this analysis, we also compare the structural and semantic differences between "CC" and "one CC". Through the investigation of practical corpus, it is found that the overlapping of classifiers generally appears in the subject sentence and topic sentence, and "du" plays a very important role in both kinds of sentences. According to the different structure, we divide the sentence patterns into six categories. Starting with the semantic features and syntactic functions of "du", we investigate that the structure of "du" sentence is [DouP Spec [Dou VP], in which "du" has a strong EPP feature OCC,. Complex feature [P], strong quantitative feature [Q]. The multiple quantification function of du also determines that du can have two deixis positions. These features drive the argument components in VP to move upward and verify the features with du, so that the sentences can be generated successfully. In the topic sentence where the quantifier reduplicates, the topic basis is generated in the Spec position of TopP, and the rest of the generation process is like a circular subject sentence with "du". In addition, we also discuss the situation of two kinds of ambiguous sentences and analyze the causes of ambiguity. Finally, this paper compares the overlapping CC form of classifiers with other structures that can represent full name quantification. From the point of view of logical semantics, it is considered that "CC" is actually an additive operator. The additive operator "CC" acts on the noun, and the additive operator "du" acts on the event, and then explains the hidden law and the reason of the "du" in the circumferential subject sentence where the CC form is located. We compare the three related components of "CC", "every" and "all". We think that "CC" is an additive operator, "every" is an assignment operator, and "all" is a fully called quantization operator. The differences of semantic functions among the three affect their syntactic representation.
【學位授予單位】：北京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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