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《當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》收錄新詞語(yǔ)的研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-05-07 11:31
【摘要】:新詞語(yǔ)通常被看作是語(yǔ)言變化發(fā)展的晴雨表,也被看作是社會(huì)變革的折射鏡。它能夠最迅速、最鮮明地反映時(shí)代的特色,更能夠最直接、最豐富地體現(xiàn)社會(huì)的文化。歷史上新詞語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的高峰期正好也是社會(huì)大發(fā)展的時(shí)期。世界各國(guó)的社會(huì)發(fā)展更促進(jìn)了新詞語(yǔ)的大量產(chǎn)生。國(guó)家語(yǔ)委語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用研究所前幾年對(duì)漢語(yǔ)新詞語(yǔ)的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示:當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)每年出現(xiàn)近一千個(gè)左右的新詞語(yǔ),平均每天大約就會(huì)出現(xiàn)三個(gè)。隨著語(yǔ)言研究的不斷深入,新詞語(yǔ)的研究也越來(lái)越成為國(guó)內(nèi)外語(yǔ)言研究的一大熱點(diǎn)。根據(jù)有關(guān)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,自從二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái),有關(guān)新詞語(yǔ)研究的論文近700多篇,收詞各異的新詞語(yǔ)詞典近70部。我們?cè)诳偨Y(jié)前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,大致梳理出國(guó)內(nèi)外新詞語(yǔ)的研究現(xiàn)狀,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)其存在的問題與不足。為我們接下來(lái)正確地界定新詞語(yǔ)提供了很好的理論依據(jù)。綜上所述我們可以將新詞語(yǔ)界定為:1979年以來(lái)產(chǎn)生的,在此之前沒有的詞和短語(yǔ),包括新創(chuàng)造的、新借用的、新使用的,還包括有新用法和新義項(xiàng)的。 《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》是一部以確定詞匯規(guī)范、推廣普通話和促進(jìn)漢語(yǔ)規(guī)范化服務(wù)為宗旨的中型語(yǔ)文詞典,F(xiàn)漢之所以能保持住它常青樹的地位,最主要的因素就是它不斷增收、補(bǔ)錄新詞語(yǔ)新義項(xiàng),使之與時(shí)俱進(jìn),不斷地適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要,,更好地滿足廣大讀者的需要!冬F(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》各個(gè)版本在收錄新詞語(yǔ)時(shí)所遵循的的總原則就是“詞語(yǔ)在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)是否一直在使用,是否具有較強(qiáng)的生命力”,具體的原則是“普遍性、穩(wěn)定性和合理性”。我們只有在借鑒和吸收現(xiàn)漢收錄新詞語(yǔ)的原則的前提下,才能更好地制定出《當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》收錄新詞語(yǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和原則。 通過(guò)以上理論整理和實(shí)例借鑒,值得關(guān)注的《當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》在收錄新詞語(yǔ)方面應(yīng)該有所創(chuàng)新、有所突破。《當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》的特點(diǎn)是規(guī)模大、收詞新、釋義新、舉例新。共收錄當(dāng)代常用詞匯八萬(wàn)條,我們所需收錄的新詞語(yǔ)的比例和數(shù)量也將會(huì)有一個(gè)大的提高。這樣就要求我們擴(kuò)大新詞語(yǔ)的收詞范圍,深入分析研究具體材料。除了現(xiàn)漢第六版所收錄的新詞語(yǔ)以外,我們還找出了三本比較有代表性的新詞語(yǔ)詞典。通過(guò)比較找出其中兩本以上都收錄的新詞語(yǔ),并且查找出這些新詞語(yǔ)在人民網(wǎng)上的使用頻次。依照我們所制定的收詞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和原則,對(duì)這些新詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行人工刪選和評(píng)定,最終給出《當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》擬收錄的新詞語(yǔ)條目。
[Abstract]:Neologisms are often seen as barometers of the development of language change, as well as refractors of social change. It can reflect the characteristics of the times most quickly and vividly, and more directly and abundantly reflect the culture of society. The peak of neologism in history is also the period of great social development. Social development all over the world has promoted the emergence of a large number of new words. According to a survey of Chinese neologisms conducted by the Institute of language Application of the State language Committee in recent years, nearly 1,000 new words appear each year in contemporary Chinese, with an average of about three new words per day. With the development of language research, neologism has become a hot topic at home and abroad. According to relevant data statistics, since the 1980s, there have been more than 700 papers on neologism, and nearly 70 dictionaries of neologisms with different words have been collected. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, we sort out the current research situation of neologisms at home and abroad, and find out the problems and shortcomings of neologisms at home and abroad. It provides a good theoretical basis for us to define the new words correctly next. To sum up, we can define new words as words and phrases that have come into being since 1979 and have not existed before, including newly created, newly borrowed, newly used, and include new usages and new meanings. Modern Chinese Dictionary is a medium-sized Chinese dictionary with the purpose of defining lexical norms, popularizing Putonghua and promoting the service of Chinese standardization. The most important factor in keeping the status of the evergreen tree in the present Han Dynasty is that it continues to increase income, make up new words and new meanings, make it keep pace with the times, and constantly adapt to the needs of social development. The general principle that each edition of the Dictionary of Modern Chinese follows when collecting new words is "whether words have been used for quite a long time and whether they have strong vitality". The specific principles are universality, stability and rationality. Only on the premise of drawing lessons from and absorbing the principles of the inclusion of new words in the present Han Dynasty can we better formulate the criteria and principles for the inclusion of new words in the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. Through sorting out the above theories and drawing lessons from examples, the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary should be innovative and breakthrough in the inclusion of new words. The characteristics of the Dictionary are large-scale, new word collection, new interpretation and new examples. A total of 80,000 commonly used contemporary vocabulary, we need to include the proportion and number of new words will also have a major increase. This requires us to expand the scope of new words, in-depth analysis of specific materials. In addition to the new words included in the sixth edition of the present Han Dynasty, we have also found three more representative dictionaries of neologisms. Through comparison to find out two or more new words, and find out the frequency of use of these new words on the people's website. According to the criteria and principles of word collection, these new words are selected and evaluated manually, and finally the new words items to be included in the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:H164;H136

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