【摘要】：本文在最簡(jiǎn)方案框架下研究了漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的派生過(guò)程及其所受到的制約條件,并探討了漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句法、語(yǔ)義特征。漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分典型與非典型。典型漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的派生經(jīng)歷兩次移位:帶有強(qiáng)語(yǔ)素特征的輕動(dòng)詞v吸引下層的中動(dòng)詞“V+qilai”并入，中動(dòng)詞的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)NP從內(nèi)論元位置移到Spec-T的位置核查主格，成為形式上的主語(yǔ)。非典型漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的附加語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與典型漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的派生過(guò)程基本一致，帶顯性情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的非典型漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的派生則涉及兩個(gè)輕動(dòng)詞,經(jīng)歷了三次移位:中動(dòng)詞上移并入輕動(dòng)詞v1；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞上移并入輕動(dòng)詞v2；動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)主目語(yǔ)移至標(biāo)志語(yǔ)的位置獲取格。漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的派生主要受影響效應(yīng)限制、中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)體限制及附加語(yǔ)選擇限制，具體表現(xiàn)為：該結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須受到中動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)義上的直接影響；表狀態(tài)或結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞不能出現(xiàn)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中；就其附加語(yǔ)而言，只有語(yǔ)義上指向受事的形容詞和非自主的指向施事的形容詞才能進(jìn)入該結(jié)構(gòu)。從句法層面看，漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)具有主語(yǔ)提升和附加語(yǔ)修飾等特征，，其主語(yǔ)并不是施事，而是受事、工具或處所名詞提升上來(lái)的，同時(shí)該結(jié)構(gòu)的成立需要附加語(yǔ)或者顯性情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的修飾。從語(yǔ)義層面看，漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)具有情態(tài)概念和泛指性等特征，其施事是隱含的，具有任意性，因而該結(jié)構(gòu)不描述具體的事件，而是表述受事主語(yǔ)的某種內(nèi)在特征或能力傾向。 依此，本文分析了漢英中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的共性與個(gè)性，并嘗試在最簡(jiǎn)理論框架內(nèi)對(duì)漢英中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)給出統(tǒng)一的解釋。典型和附加語(yǔ)漢英中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的派生過(guò)程大致相同，在派生中都經(jīng)歷了兩次移位，首先是中動(dòng)詞上移并入輕動(dòng)詞，然后是動(dòng)詞內(nèi)主目語(yǔ)移到標(biāo)志語(yǔ)的位置以獲取格。同時(shí)，漢英中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)也有著相似的句法語(yǔ)義特征，但由于漢語(yǔ)本身的特殊性，漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)比英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)更多產(chǎn)，二者的附加語(yǔ)存在顯著差異，且漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)不允許動(dòng)補(bǔ)復(fù)合短語(yǔ)進(jìn)入。通過(guò)研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的派生及句法語(yǔ)義特征具有普遍意義。雖然漢英中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)存在一定差異，但二者的基本特征是相同的。我們希望本研究有助于進(jìn)一步了解中動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)這種跨語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we study the derivation process of Chinese middle verb structure and its restricted conditions, and discuss the syntactic and semantic features of Chinese middle verb structure under the framework of the simplest scheme. Chinese middle-verb structure distinguishes between typical and non-typical. The derivation of verb structure in typical Chinese has experienced two shifts: the light verb v with strong morpheme features attracts the lower middle verb "V qilai" to be merged, and the complement NP of the middle verb moves from the position of inner argument to the position of Spec-T to check the subject case. Become a formal subject. The derivation process of the verb structure in the adjunct in atypical Chinese is basically the same as that in the middle verb in the typical Chinese. The derivation of the verb structure in the non-typical Chinese with explicit modal verbs involves two light verbs. It experienced three shifts: the middle verb moved up and merged with the light verb v1; The modal verb is moved upward into the light verb v2; the internal subject of the verb is moved to the position of the marker to obtain the case. The derivation of the verb structure in Chinese is mainly restricted by the influence effect, the tense and aspect limitation of the middle verb and the choice of additional language, which are manifested in the following aspects: the subject of the structure must be directly influenced by the semantic meaning of the Chinese verb; Verbs that indicate state or result cannot appear in this structure; as far as the add-on is concerned, only the adjectives semantically pointing to the patient and the adjectives that are involuntary to the agent can enter the structure. From the syntactic point of view, the verb structure in Chinese has the characteristics of subject promotion and adjunct modification, and its subject is not the agent, but the recipient, the tool or the local noun. At the same time, the establishment of the structure requires the modification of adjuncts or explicit modal verbs. From the semantic point of view, the motile structure in Chinese has the characteristics of modal concept and generality, and its agent is implicit and arbitrary. Therefore, the structure does not describe specific events, but rather expresses some inherent characteristics or ability tendency of subject. Based on this, this paper analyzes the commonness and individuality of Chinese and English dynamic structures, and tries to give a unified explanation of Chinese and English dynamic structures within the framework of the simplest theory. The derivation process of Chinese and English verb structures is similar to that of Chinese and English adjuncts. In the process of derivation, they have experienced two shifts, one is that the middle verbs are moved upward into light verbs, and the other is that the main object of the verbs moves to the position of the markers to obtain the case. At the same time, Chinese and English middle verb structures also have similar syntactic and semantic features. However, due to the particularity of Chinese, Chinese middle verb structures are more productive than English ones, and there are significant differences between them. In Chinese, the verb-complement compound phrase is not allowed to enter. Through the study, we find that the derivation and syntactic and semantic features of Chinese verb structures are of universal significance. Although there are some differences between Chinese and English, the basic characteristics of them are the same. We hope that this study will contribute to the understanding of this cross-linguistic phenomenon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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