【摘要】：賀州市位于湘、粵、桂三省交界地帶,漢族與壯族、瑤族等少數(shù)民族長期居住在一起,是典型的多民族、多族群雜居地區(qū)。而對賀州的語言研究,主要還是以本體研究為主,對這種多民族、多族群雜居地區(qū)的語言生活調(diào)查研究還不夠深入。為此本文在田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)之上,運用社會語言學(xué)的方法和理論知識,以鵝塘鎮(zhèn)的語言生活作為典型個案,對其進行較為全面地調(diào)查研究。 鵝塘鎮(zhèn)是一個典型的多族群雜居的小鎮(zhèn),每個族群都有自己的語言,但同時也兼用其他族群語言,其語言生活非常豐富,漢語方言—本地話和客家話是各族群互相溝通的主要交際工具。本文以鵝塘鎮(zhèn)的本地人、客家人、桂柳人、廣府人、都人、壯族以及瑤族這七個族群的成人與學(xué)生群體作為調(diào)查對象,以實地的調(diào)查問卷、入戶訪談、全程跟蹤錄音的方式獲取第一手材料,分析該鎮(zhèn)各族群居民的語言使用、語言能力、語言態(tài)度、族群與語言之間的關(guān)系,探討性別、年齡因素對鵝塘鎮(zhèn)居民的語言使用和語言態(tài)度所造成的影響。 調(diào)查結(jié)果表明鵝塘鎮(zhèn)各族群人們都具有很強的語言能力,90%以上的調(diào)查對象都是雙語或多語使用者,尤其是弱勢族群人們的語言能力普遍高于當(dāng)?shù)氐膹妱葑迦�。在語言使用上,人們根據(jù)交際場合以及交際對象的不同而選用不同的語言。但不管是哪個族群,在家庭場合中主要以使用本族群的母語為主,同時也兼用本地的強勢方言—本地話和客家話；而在社區(qū)場合中,普通話和當(dāng)?shù)氐膹妱莘窖浴镜卦捄涂图以拕t占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位。而弱勢族群的母語,已經(jīng)退回到家庭場合的交際范圍之中,社區(qū)場合中已很難找到它們的立足之地。在語言互動上,不管是在家庭還是市場交易場合中,都處于非常活躍的態(tài)勢,語言的交替使用非常頻繁。語言態(tài)度上,鵝塘鎮(zhèn)居民對母語的情感認同普遍高于交際功能的認同；反之,對普通話的交際功能認同高于情感認同。 通過分析研究發(fā)現(xiàn)性別和年齡是影響鵝塘鎮(zhèn)居民語言使用和語言態(tài)度的重要因素。由于性別以及年齡段的不同,人們在語言使用以及語言態(tài)度上也表現(xiàn)出極大的差異性。在語言關(guān)系與族群關(guān)系上,由于鵝塘鎮(zhèn)和諧的族群關(guān)系的引導(dǎo),各族群語言也是和諧相處,分工合作,共同發(fā)展。 本文調(diào)查研究以詳實的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計為基礎(chǔ),從多角度、多層次對鵝塘語言生活展開分析討論,力求得出較為科學(xué)的研究結(jié)果。從宏觀與微觀相結(jié)合的角度對賀州市鵝塘鎮(zhèn)語言生活進行全面的調(diào)查研究,從而對進一步探討多族群雜居地區(qū)的雙語教育以及弱勢族群語言的保護,制定確切可行的語言文字政策提供一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Hezhou is located in the border area of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. The Han nationality, Zhuang nationality, Yao nationality and other minority nationalities live together for a long time. However, the linguistic research of Hezhou is mainly based on ontology, and the investigation and research on language life in this multi-ethnic and multi-ethnic area is not enough. On the basis of field investigation, this paper, using sociolinguistic methods and theoretical knowledge, takes the language life of Yantang Town as a typical case, and makes a more comprehensive investigation and study on it. Yantang Town is a typical multi-ethnic town. Each ethnic group has its own language, but at the same time it also uses other ethnic languages, and its language life is very rich. Chinese dialects-Local dialect and Hakka dialect are the main means of communication between different ethnic groups. This article takes the local people, Hakka, Guiliu, Guangfu, Dudu, Zhuang and Yao as the objects of investigation. The way to track the recording is to obtain first-hand materials, analyze the language use, language ability, language attitude, the relationship between ethnic groups and languages, and discuss the gender of the residents of the town. The influence of age factors on language use and language attitude of residents in Yantang Town. The results show that all ethnic groups in Goantang have strong language ability, and more than 90% of the respondents are bilingual or multilingual users, especially the weak people generally have higher language ability than the local strong ones. In the use of language, people choose different languages according to the communication situation and the different communication object. However, no matter which ethnic group it is, the native language is mainly used in the family context, and at the same time, it also uses the strong local dialects-local dialect and Hakka dialect. In community, Putonghua and local strong dialects-local dialect and Hakka dialect play a dominant role. The mother tongue of the disadvantaged groups has retreated to the scope of family communication, and it is difficult to find their foothold in the community. Language interaction, whether in the home or in the market, is very active, language use is very frequent. In terms of language attitude, the emotional identity of the native language is generally higher than that of the communicative function; conversely, the identity of the communicative function of Putonghua is higher than that of the emotional identity. It is found that gender and age are important factors affecting language use and language attitude. Because of gender and age difference, people also show great difference in language use and language attitude. In terms of language relationship and ethnic group relationship, due to the guidance of harmonious ethnic relations in Goantang Town, the languages of all ethnic groups live in harmony, work together and develop together. On the basis of detailed data and statistics, this paper analyzes and discusses the language life of goose pond from many angles and levels, and tries to get more scientific results. A comprehensive investigation and study on language life in Goantang Town, Hezhou City, from the angle of macro and micro, so as to further explore bilingual education and the protection of the language of vulnerable ethnic groups in multi-ethnic mixed areas. The formulation of exact and feasible language policy provides certain guiding significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H102;H0-05

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