【摘要】：《樸通事》是朝鮮時(shí)代最重要的漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)官方教科書之一，在漢語(yǔ)史及對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)史上有著很重要的地位，為研究近代漢語(yǔ)詞匯的演變提供了寶貴的口語(yǔ)材料。本文以汪維輝先生編纂點(diǎn)校的《朝鮮時(shí)代漢語(yǔ)教科書叢刊》收錄的《樸通事諺解》和《樸通事新釋諺解》兩個(gè)版本為語(yǔ)料，將兩個(gè)版本中主要實(shí)詞的演變進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究。具體方法是以語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)作為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其中的同義詞、近義詞進(jìn)行個(gè)體數(shù)量的統(tǒng)計(jì)，通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)不同版本中詞語(yǔ)使用次數(shù)變化數(shù)量，對(duì)新舊詞語(yǔ)興衰更替的變化進(jìn)行描寫，并對(duì)詞語(yǔ)更替的原因作了分析，總結(jié)出詞語(yǔ)演變的類型，借此總結(jié)出我國(guó)北方漢語(yǔ)詞匯在明清兩代的歷時(shí)變化的一些規(guī)律，希望對(duì)近代漢語(yǔ)詞匯的研究有所幫助。 本文按照實(shí)詞的詞性分為動(dòng)詞演變、名詞演變、形容詞演變?nèi)箢�，以語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其中的同義詞、近義詞做了比較分析，總結(jié)出《樸通事》實(shí)詞演變的類型：同義詞的替換、換位、同義聚合的交替。通過(guò)探討同一聚合中詞語(yǔ)更替的原因，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)更替涉及到漢語(yǔ)詞綴發(fā)展規(guī)律、語(yǔ)言內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)平衡性、詞義負(fù)擔(dān)、表達(dá)能效損耗、語(yǔ)體、語(yǔ)用、方言等因素。并得出以下總論： 漢語(yǔ)詞綴發(fā)展呈潮汐式律動(dòng)。唐宋時(shí)期，漢語(yǔ)詞綴發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)繁榮，即漲潮期，元明清漢語(yǔ)詞綴進(jìn)入萎縮期，即退潮期，到了當(dāng)代，漢語(yǔ)詞綴進(jìn)入新的漲潮期，因此我們認(rèn)為漢語(yǔ)詞綴的發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出潮汐式發(fā)展，在退潮期導(dǎo)致某些詞綴的消失或活躍程度降低。 詞語(yǔ)演變的突出特點(diǎn)是語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)成員間的更替變化，新舊詞語(yǔ)呈現(xiàn)此消彼長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)，，在詞語(yǔ)的不斷變化中詞匯系統(tǒng)達(dá)到新的平衡。 詞義負(fù)擔(dān)影響詞語(yǔ)的演變。一個(gè)詞承擔(dān)了過(guò)多義項(xiàng)勢(shì)必會(huì)影響使用，語(yǔ)言交際要求明確性，這就使詞義負(fù)擔(dān)較重的詞語(yǔ)被詞義負(fù)擔(dān)較輕的詞語(yǔ)替換，從而引起了詞語(yǔ)演變。 詞語(yǔ)使用過(guò)度過(guò)久，會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)功能的損耗，從而誘導(dǎo)新詞語(yǔ)的出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)新舊詞語(yǔ)的更替。 對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教材的性質(zhì)促使詞語(yǔ)更換。如帶南方方言色彩的詞語(yǔ)和古奧詞語(yǔ)被替換，是由于教材要求使用通語(yǔ)和口語(yǔ)化的詞語(yǔ)。 此外，本文再次印證了語(yǔ)言與社會(huì)的共變關(guān)系，社會(huì)在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)交流方面對(duì)實(shí)詞更替變化也有影響。
[Abstract]:Park Tong Shi is one of the most important official textbooks of spoken Chinese in the Korean era, which plays an important role in the history of Chinese language and teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and provides valuable oral materials for the study of the evolution of modern Chinese vocabulary. In this paper, the evolution of the main notional words in the two versions of "Pu Tong Si Jie" and "Pu Tong Si New explanation proverbs" collected by Wang Wei-hui 's Chinese textbook Series of Korean Age is compared and studied. The specific method is to take the semantic field as the object of study, to count the number of synonyms and synonyms, and to describe the changes of the rise and fall of new and old words by counting the number of times of words used in different versions. This paper also analyzes the reasons for the change of words, sums up the types of word evolution, sums up some rules of the diachronic changes of Chinese vocabulary in northern China in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and hopes to be helpful to the study of Chinese vocabulary in modern times. This article divides into three categories according to the notional word's part of speech: the verb evolution, the noun evolution, the adjective evolvement, takes the semantic field as the research object, has made the comparative analysis to the synonym and the synonym among them. This paper summarizes the types of the evolvement of the notional words: the substitution of synonyms, and the alternation of synonym aggregation. By discussing the reasons of word turnover in the same aggregation, we find that the change of words is related to the development law of Chinese affix, the balance of language system, the burden of word meaning, the loss of energy efficiency of expression, language style, pragmatics, dialect and so on. And draw the following general theory: the development of Chinese affixes is tidal rhythm. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the development of Chinese affixes became prosperous, that is, the high tide period, the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties Chinese affixes entered the shrinking period, that is, the ebb tide period, and at present, the Chinese affixes entered a new high tide period. Therefore, we think that the development of Chinese affixes shows tidal development, which leads to the disappearance or decrease of activity of some affixes during the ebb tide. The prominent feature of the word evolution is the change of the members of the semantic field, the new and old words show a trend of change one after another, and the lexical system achieves a new balance in the continuous changes of the words. The burden of word meaning affects the evolution of words. If a word bears too many meanings, it will inevitably affect its use, and language communication will require clarity, which makes the words with a heavy meaning burden replaced by words with a lighter meaning burden, thus causing the evolution of words and expressions. If words are used for too long, they will cause the loss of expression function, which will induce the emergence of new words and lead to the replacement of old and new words. The nature of teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language promotes the change of words. If the words with the color of Southern dialect and ancient words are replaced, because the textbooks require the use of general language and colloquial words. In addition, this paper confirms the covariant relationship between language and society, and the social influence on the change of notional words in politics, economy and social communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H134

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