【摘要】：自亞里士多德時(shí)期起,傳統(tǒng)研究一直認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)喻是詞語(yǔ)之間的相互借代,是一種文學(xué)修辭手段。隨著認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)家經(jīng)過(guò)更深入的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)喻是一種認(rèn)知機(jī)制。漢語(yǔ)形式單位的部分代整體現(xiàn)象無(wú)處不在,它屬于轉(zhuǎn)喻的范疇,即部分代整體。大多數(shù)學(xué)者從傳統(tǒng)縮略視角對(duì)其進(jìn)行了研究,本文試從認(rèn)知視角研究此現(xiàn)象。 本文以概念轉(zhuǎn)喻、百科知識(shí)、語(yǔ)境以及語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則為理論基礎(chǔ),綜合運(yùn)用定性與定量相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)從字典、報(bào)刊雜志及網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜集到的漢語(yǔ)形式單位的部分代整體語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行分析,試圖探究其生成機(jī)制及語(yǔ)用功能。 首先本文基于轉(zhuǎn)喻的基本理論知識(shí)以及對(duì)語(yǔ)料的分析簡(jiǎn)單定義漢語(yǔ)形式單位的部分代整體現(xiàn)象,即用形式單位中最具顯著特征的、與整體鄰近性更強(qiáng)的部分代整體,并根據(jù)其構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)將其分為四類(lèi)：簡(jiǎn)單的部分代整體、部分代整體后重疊、部分代整體后諧音、超常的部分代整體。接著一一概述這四類(lèi)的生成機(jī)制及語(yǔ)用效果,即形式單位中哪一部分代整體以及能夠替代的原因。簡(jiǎn)單的部分代整體基于轉(zhuǎn)喻的鄰近性原則用與整體鄰近性大的部分(語(yǔ)素或者詞)代整體,以達(dá)到簡(jiǎn)潔明了的效果；部分代整體后重疊則用與整體鄰近性大的部分代整體然后再重疊,以達(dá)到輕松詼諧的效果；部分代整體后諧音是基于轉(zhuǎn)喻的鄰近性以及部分代整體后的新形式單位與已有形式單位的語(yǔ)音鄰近性,使其更具表達(dá)力也能給人耳目一新的感覺(jué)；超常的部分代整體中部分跟整體的鄰近性似乎不那么明顯,是通過(guò)連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)喻實(shí)現(xiàn)的,并且只有擁有一定百科知識(shí)的言語(yǔ)使用者在特定語(yǔ)境中才能理解,其中代替整體的部分在整個(gè)形式單位中最具顯著性特征或者是能與已有的形式單位形成強(qiáng)烈反差,以達(dá)到簡(jiǎn)潔、新穎以及出人意料的表達(dá)效果,給人強(qiáng)烈的沖擊力。通過(guò)依據(jù)語(yǔ)料選取代表性的例子,本文論證得出漢語(yǔ)形式單位的部分代整體最基本的原則是部分與整體的鄰近性以及語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,并總結(jié)出漢語(yǔ)形式單位部分代整體的機(jī)制及語(yǔ)用功能。
[Abstract]:Since Aristotle's time, metonymy has been regarded as a literary rhetorical device. With the development of cognitive linguistics, modern linguists find that metonymy is a cognitive mechanism. The phenomenon of partial generation of Chinese formal units is ubiquitous and belongs to the category of metonymy, that is, part of the whole. Most scholars study this phenomenon from the perspective of traditional acronyms, and this paper tries to study this phenomenon from the perspective of cognition. Based on the theory of conceptual metonymy, encyclopedic knowledge, context and the economic principle of language, this paper makes use of the method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, In order to explore the generation mechanism and pragmatic function of Chinese formal units, some generation data of Chinese formal units collected from newspapers, magazines and the Internet are analyzed. First of all, based on the basic theoretical knowledge of metonymy and the analysis of the corpus, this paper simply defines the whole phenomenon of partial generation of Chinese formal units, that is, using the most prominent features of formal units, which are more closely related to the whole. It can be divided into four categories according to its characteristics: simple partial whole, partial whole overlap, partial whole afterharmonic, supernormal partial whole. Then it summarizes the generative mechanism and pragmatic effect of these four types, that is, which part of the formal unit is the whole generation and why it can be replaced. The simple part of the whole is based on the principle of metonymy proximity to the whole part (morpheme or word) in order to achieve a concise and clear effect; In order to achieve the relaxed and witty effect, part of the whole is overlapped with the whole of the whole and then overlapped with the whole of the whole. Part of the whole after homonymy is based on the proximity of metonymy and the phonetic proximity of the new form unit and the existing form unit, which makes it more expressive and refreshing. The proximity of the part of the supernormal part of the whole to the whole seems less obvious, is achieved through continuous metonymy, and can only be understood in a particular context by a speech user with a certain amount of encyclopedic knowledge. The part which replaces the whole has the most remarkable characteristic in the whole form unit or can form the strong contrast with the existing form unit, in order to achieve the succinct, new and unexpected expression effect, give a strong impact. By selecting representative examples from the corpus, this paper demonstrates that the most basic principle of Chinese formal units is the proximity of part to the whole and the economy of language. It also summarizes the mechanism and pragmatic functions of Chinese formal units as a whole.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H15

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