【摘要】：特殊疑問句一直是哲學(xué)界、邏輯學(xué)界以及語言學(xué)家長期關(guān)注的一個(gè)重要問題。在語言學(xué)界,很多學(xué)者已經(jīng)對英漢特殊疑問句進(jìn)行了多方面、多角度的分析。他們對特殊疑問句的研究集中在分類、句法結(jié)構(gòu)、語義及語用功能上 然而,從類型學(xué)的角度對特殊疑問句的研究還較少。本文試圖從類型學(xué)的角度,發(fā)掘英漢特殊疑問句的類型學(xué)特征,并以原型范疇為理論指導(dǎo),采用描寫與解釋相結(jié)合、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的方法對特殊疑問句進(jìn)行跨語言分析。本文建立了一個(gè)包含44中語言的樣品庫,涉及SVO、SOV和VSO三種語言類型,其中SVO型語言有20種,SOV型語言有21種,VSO型語言有3種,共有2993句。 本文從三方面來考察英漢特殊疑問句。首先,從句法和語義的角度對英漢特殊疑問句進(jìn)行分類。其次,從語序和非疑問用法兩個(gè)方面研究英漢特殊疑問句的蘊(yùn)涵共性：(1)英漢特殊疑問句語序的蘊(yùn)涵共性：一般地,特殊疑問句的語序蘊(yùn)含于該語言所屬的語言類型的基本語序；(2)英漢特殊疑問句非疑問用法的蘊(yùn)涵共性：各語言的特殊疑問句如果可以表示非疑問用法,那么其必定可以表達(dá)多于一種形式的非疑問用法。從非疑問用法和有定性兩方面考察英漢特殊疑問句的語法等級：(1)非疑問用法的語法等級：虛指反問感嘆建議否定任指(從左到右依次降低)；(2)疑問主體有定性的語法等級：有定所指特指所指任指所指(從左到右依次降低)。最后,從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的角度對所得出的類型學(xué)特征進(jìn)行分析。語言是人類認(rèn)識(shí)世界的外部表征,語言形式與人的認(rèn)知模式息息相關(guān)。原型范疇理論在語言的使用中非常廣泛,所以本文運(yùn)用原型范疇理論對英漢特殊疑問句的類型學(xué)特征進(jìn)行分析。 本研究有助于語言學(xué)習(xí)者和使用者更了解英漢特殊疑問句的類型學(xué)特征,也可以在一定程度上為雙語教學(xué)、對外漢語教學(xué),二語習(xí)得以及英漢互譯提供理論上和實(shí)踐上的支持。
[Abstract]:Special questions have long been an important issue in the field of philosophy, logic and linguists. In the field of linguistics, many scholars have analyzed English and Chinese special questions from many aspects and angles. Their studies on special questions focus on classification, syntactic structure, semantic and pragmatic functions. However, there are few studies on special questions from the perspective of typology. This paper attempts to explore the typological characteristics of English and Chinese special interrogative sentences from the perspective of typology, and take the prototype category as the theoretical guidance, using the method of data statistics and statistical analysis to carry out cross-linguistic analysis of special interrogative sentences under the guidance of prototype category. In this paper, a sample library of 44 languages is established, which involves three language types: SVO,SOV and VSO. There are 20 SVO languages, 21 SOV languages and 3 VSO languages with a total of 2993 sentences. This paper examines English and Chinese special questions from three aspects. First of all, English and Chinese special questions are classified from syntactic and semantic perspectives. Secondly, we study the implication commonness of English and Chinese special interrogative sentences from two aspects of word order and non-interrogative usage: (1) the implicative commonness of word order of English and Chinese special interrogative sentences: generally speaking, The word order of special questions is contained in the basic word order of the language type to which the language belongs; (2) the implicative commonness of non-interrogative usage of English and Chinese special interrogative sentences: if the special interrogative sentences in each language can express the non-interrogative usage, Then it must be able to express more than one form of non-interrogative usage. The grammatical levels of English and Chinese special interrogative sentences are studied from the aspects of non-interrogative usage and qualitative analysis: (1) the grammatical level of non-interrogative usage: the negative reference (from left to right); (2) the interrogative subject has a qualitative grammatical grade: there is a definite reference to any reference (from left to right). Finally, the typological features are analyzed from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Language is an external representation of human understanding of the world, and language form is closely related to human cognitive model. Prototype category theory is widely used in language, so this paper analyzes the typological characteristics of English and Chinese special questions by using prototype category theory. This study can help language learners and users to better understand the typological characteristics of English and Chinese special questions, and to some extent provide theoretical and practical support for bilingual teaching, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, second language acquisition and English-Chinese translation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146;H314

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 唐燕玲;蘭靜;唐科;;英漢疑問詞移位與否的原因分析[J];解放軍外國語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年06期

2 李金滿;;語言類型學(xué)視角下的漢英語序?qū)Ρ妊芯縖J];當(dāng)代外語研究;2010年05期

3 王寅,李弘;原型范疇理論與英漢構(gòu)詞對比[J];四川外語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2003年03期

4 劉丹青;;語言類型學(xué)與漢語研究[J];世界漢語教學(xué);2003年04期

5 文旭,江曉紅;范疇化:語言中的認(rèn)知[J];外語教學(xué);2001年04期

6 鄧云華;英漢聯(lián)合短語的類型研究[J];外語教學(xué);2005年01期

7 沈家煊;句法的象似性問題[J];外語教學(xué)與研究;1993年01期

8 鄧云華;;英漢特殊被動(dòng)句的整合方式[J];外語教學(xué)與研究;2011年02期

9 楊忠,張紹杰;認(rèn)知語言學(xué)中的類典型論[J];外語教學(xué)與研究;1998年02期

10 鄧云華,儲(chǔ)澤祥;英漢聯(lián)合短語的共性研究[J];外語與外語教學(xué);2005年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：2274734