【摘要】：近年來,隨著中蒙兩國交往日益增多,蒙古掀起了學(xué)習(xí)漢語的熱潮。漢語教學(xué)越來越受到蒙古政府的重視,公立和私立大學(xué)都開設(shè)了漢語課程。 蒙古的漢語教學(xué)注重對學(xué)生閱讀和寫作能力的培養(yǎng),學(xué)生的漢語讀寫能力明顯強(qiáng)于聽和說的能力。之所以出現(xiàn)這樣一種現(xiàn)象,原因有很多,如：蒙古漢語教學(xué)的指導(dǎo)思想、教學(xué)方法、語言環(huán)境等。其中,蒙古語和漢語分屬于不同的語系也是很重要的一個方面。蒙古語為阿爾泰語系的語言,是黏著語,一般用詞綴的變化表達(dá)詞的語法意義,詞語的形態(tài)變化多樣；而漢語隸屬漢藏語系,是分析語,詞形字形基本上不發(fā)生變化,一般用詞序及虛詞來表達(dá)語法關(guān)系。作為母語為蒙古語的學(xué)生,學(xué)習(xí)漢語首先要逾越語言類型不同的障礙,特別是在非目的語環(huán)境下學(xué)習(xí)漢語,難度就更大了。 在語言習(xí)得聽說讀寫四種基本能力中,聽說技能對于蒙古學(xué)生來講,困難較大。特別是漢語聽力教學(xué),一直是蒙古學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語的主要困難之一。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),從教學(xué)設(shè)計、聽力話題設(shè)置、教學(xué)方法創(chuàng)新等角度較為全面地研究聽力教學(xué),在當(dāng)下蒙古漢語教學(xué)中具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和學(xué)術(shù)價值。 對于漢語學(xué)習(xí)初級階段的學(xué)生而言,漢語聽力理解是極其重要的,同時也是很難掌握的一項(xiàng)技能。在學(xué)習(xí)漢語聽力的過程中,除了很容易出現(xiàn)語音、詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)語言問題以外,還容易出現(xiàn)難以理解漢語語用交際、中國交際文化等方面的問題,從而造成對于語用交際、文化知識的誤讀。教材中所呈現(xiàn)的話題直接關(guān)系到學(xué)生的交際內(nèi)容。與此同時,在同常學(xué)習(xí)中通過教材了解更多的中國文化知識也是很必要的,文化功能是教材的重要指標(biāo)之一。如果教材內(nèi)容能夠更多涉及中國人的實(shí)際生活和社會現(xiàn)實(shí)、以及文化常識和生活習(xí)俗等方面的內(nèi)容,則對學(xué)生更有幫助。 本文基于對蒙古國漢語教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀以及當(dāng)今對于初級漢語聽力課教材等方面的研究,對蒙古大學(xué)中文系所普遍使用的初級漢語聽力教材進(jìn)行話題分析,經(jīng)過調(diào)查問卷、文獻(xiàn)分析、訪談等多種方式,在初級漢語聽力教材話題設(shè)置的基本原則、主要內(nèi)容等方面提出了意見和建議,以期激發(fā)蒙古學(xué)生對聽力教學(xué)的興趣,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率,更好更快地提升聽力技能。 本論文共分為五個部分。第一章緒論介紹研究背景與意義,并對國內(nèi)的研究成果、研究方法進(jìn)行梳理；第二章闡述蒙古漢語教學(xué)的緣起和發(fā)展情況、以及漢語聽力課程現(xiàn)狀、特別對蒙古國立大學(xué)中文系漢語教學(xué)狀況等進(jìn)行了介紹；第三章對初級《漢語聽力教程》教材話題分析,對初級漢語聽力教材話題進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果分析；第四章,筆者闡述初級漢語聽力話題設(shè)置的建議；第五章包括研究總結(jié)與后續(xù)研究建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing exchanges between China and Mongolia, Mongolia has set off an upsurge in learning Chinese. The Mongolian government pays more and more attention to the teaching of Chinese, and both public and private universities offer Chinese courses. Mongolian Chinese teaching focuses on the cultivation of students' reading and writing ability, which is obviously better than listening and speaking ability. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, such as the guiding ideology of Mongolian ancient Chinese teaching, teaching methods, language environment and so on. Among them, Mongolian and Chinese belong to different language families respectively is a very important aspect. Mongolian is an Altaic language, it is a cohesive language, it generally expresses the grammatical meaning of words with the change of affixes, and the forms of words are varied, while Chinese, belonging to the Chinese-Tibetan language family, is an analytical language, and the shape of words basically does not change. Word order and function words are generally used to express grammatical relations. As students whose mother tongue is Mongolian, it is more difficult to learn Chinese than the barriers of different language types, especially in the non-target language environment. Among the four basic abilities in language acquisition, listening and speaking skills are difficult for Mongolian students. Chinese listening teaching, in particular, has been one of the main difficulties for Mongolian students to learn Chinese. The investigation shows that the comprehensive study of listening teaching from the angles of teaching design listening topic setting and teaching method innovation has important practical significance and academic value in the present Mongolian ancient Chinese teaching. Chinese listening comprehension is an extremely important and difficult skill for students in the primary stage of Chinese learning. In the process of learning Chinese listening, besides the basic language problems such as phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and so on, it is also easy to have problems in understanding Chinese pragmatic communication, Chinese communication culture and so on, resulting in pragmatic communication. Misreading of cultural knowledge The topics presented in the textbooks are directly related to the communicative content of the students. At the same time, it is necessary to learn more about Chinese culture through textbooks, and cultural function is one of the important indicators of textbooks. If the content of the textbook can be more concerned with the actual life and social reality of the Chinese people, as well as the cultural common sense and living customs and so on, it will be more helpful to the students. Based on the research on the present situation of Mongolian Chinese teaching and the teaching materials of primary Chinese listening course, this paper makes a topic analysis on the primary Chinese listening materials commonly used in the Chinese Department of Mongolian University. In this paper, the author puts forward some suggestions on the basic principles and main contents of topic setting in primary Chinese listening textbooks in order to stimulate Mongolian students' interest in listening teaching and improve their learning efficiency. Improve listening skills better and faster. This thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter introduces the background and significance of the research, and combs the domestic research results and research methods. The second chapter describes the origin and development of Mongolian ancient Chinese teaching, as well as the current situation of Chinese listening curriculum. Especially to the Mongolian National University Chinese Department of Chinese language teaching situation were introduced; the third chapter of the primary "Chinese listening course" textbook topic analysis, primary Chinese listening materials topic questionnaire analysis; chapter four, The fifth chapter includes the summary of the research and the suggestions of follow-up research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H195

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