【摘要】：重疊是漢語(yǔ)里一種分布很廣、適用性很強(qiáng)的重要的語(yǔ)法手段,它不只出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)共同語(yǔ)——普通話里,在其地域性變體——方言中也豐富多彩。近幾年,關(guān)于現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中各詞類(lèi)的重疊研究已經(jīng)取得了相當(dāng)豐碩的成果,其中,形容詞的重疊,更是出現(xiàn)在了各類(lèi)期刊、論文、專(zhuān)著等研究成果中。本文就是基于這種語(yǔ)言研究環(huán)境來(lái)對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)話——晉語(yǔ)區(qū)長(zhǎng)治方言的形容詞重疊形式、重疊意義和重疊功能進(jìn)行的描寫(xiě)性和分析性的研究。重疊式方面,長(zhǎng)治方言中單音節(jié)形容詞與普通話基本類(lèi)似,但其雙音節(jié)形容詞重疊形式豐富多樣,除了有普通話里最常見(jiàn)的ABB式、AXX式、AABB式、ABAB式外,還有具有特色的XAA式、AYBB式、AYXX式和變式XAXB式、XAYZ式、XAYB式等。其中AABB式因AA與BB的緊密程度不同可分為不同的小類(lèi)。ABB式分為有基式的和無(wú)基式的兩大類(lèi),無(wú)基式的ABB式又可以在普通話里找到語(yǔ)義上與自己相同的BA詞。AXX式由于A與X之間關(guān)系的不同,可以分為附加式、述補(bǔ)式和音綴式三種;重疊式語(yǔ)義方面,長(zhǎng)治方言里形容詞各重疊式的語(yǔ)法意義與普通話中的相同類(lèi)基本一致,但長(zhǎng)治方言在特定語(yǔ)法意義類(lèi)別的重疊式范疇、下層意義種類(lèi)、幾種變式的獨(dú)特意義等方面表現(xiàn)出不同�！皩傩詥我换焙汀罢Z(yǔ)義抽象化”這兩個(gè)充分必要條件直接規(guī)定了只有特定的重疊式才會(huì)有程度義。長(zhǎng)治方言中形容詞各種重疊式幾乎都表狀態(tài)義,由于重疊結(jié)構(gòu)和重疊基式性質(zhì)的不同,各種重疊式會(huì)分別表現(xiàn)出“一元狀態(tài)”和“二元狀態(tài)”與“具象狀態(tài)”和“泛化狀態(tài)”的不同。評(píng)估性上,長(zhǎng)治方言多用入聲字來(lái)表達(dá)一種主觀上不喜歡、輕視的色彩義;在語(yǔ)法功能上,與普通話相同,長(zhǎng)治方言形容詞各重疊式均可以做除主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之外的其他句法成分。句法搭配方面,重疊式不同、句式不同,與結(jié)構(gòu)助詞“嘞”的同現(xiàn)情況也就不同,長(zhǎng)治方言的重疊式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)只有方式狀語(yǔ)、情景狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)三種情況。各種重疊式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的能力比較強(qiáng),僅次于功能最強(qiáng)的定語(yǔ),且大都用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)中動(dòng)作行為或性質(zhì)的結(jié)果和狀態(tài),有時(shí)只有其中一種,有時(shí)二者兼有,但偏向一面。長(zhǎng)治方言的形容詞重疊在重疊式種類(lèi)、語(yǔ)法意義次類(lèi)和句法功能上表現(xiàn)出了與普通話很大的不同,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)兩者簡(jiǎn)要的對(duì)比分析,可以總結(jié)概括出長(zhǎng)治方言的形容詞重疊特征和語(yǔ)法規(guī)律,從而為今后還需長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)行研究和深入探討的一些問(wèn)題提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Reduplication is an important grammatical method with wide distribution and strong applicability in Chinese. It not only appears in common language-Putonghua in modern Chinese, but also in its regional variant-dialect. In recent years, the research on the overlapping of parts of speech in modern Chinese has made a lot of achievements, among which, the overlapping of adjectives appears in all kinds of journals, papers, monographs and other research results. This paper is based on this language research environment to study the adjective reduplication, the reduplicative meaning and the overlapping function of Changzhi dialect in Changzhi dialect. In the aspect of reduplication, the monosyllabic adjectives in Changzhi dialect are basically similar to Putonghua, but the double syllable adjectives overlap in various forms, except for the ABB type AXX type and AABB type / ABAB type, which are the most common in Putonghua. Also has the characteristic XAA type AYBB type AYXX type and the variant XAXB type XAYZ type XAYB type and so on. Because of the different tightness between AA and BB, the AABB type can be divided into two categories: the basic type and the baseless type. The baseless ABB can also find the BA word .AXX, which is semantically the same as itself in Putonghua. Because of the difference between A and X, it can be divided into three types: additional type, narration type and phonetic type; The grammatical meanings of adjectives in Changzhi dialect are basically the same as those in Putonghua, but Changzhi dialect is different in the categories of reduplication of certain grammatical meaning categories, the types of lower meanings, and the unique meanings of several variants. The two necessary and sufficient conditions of "attribute simplification" and "semantic abstraction" directly stipulate that only specific reduplication can have degree meaning. In Changzhi dialect, almost all kinds of reduplication of adjectives express the state meaning, because of the difference of the overlapping structure and the property of overlapping basis, The reduplicative states show the difference between "univariate state" and "binary state" and "figurative state" and "generalized state" respectively. In terms of evaluation, Changzhi dialect mostly uses input words to express a subjective disliking and despising color meaning; in terms of grammatical functions, it is the same as Putonghua. Every reduplication of adjectives in Changzhi dialect can be used as other syntactic elements except subject and predicate. In the aspect of syntactic collocation, there are only three kinds of adverbials: mode adverbial, situational adverbial and adjoint adverbial when the superposition of Changzhi dialect is used as adverbial. All kinds of reduplicative complements are relatively strong, second only to the most powerful attributive, and most of them are used to explain the result and state of the action behavior or nature in the predicate. Sometimes there is only one of them, sometimes both are both, but they tend to one side. The reduplication of adjectives in Changzhi dialect shows a great difference from that of Putonghua in the categories of reduplication, grammatical meaning subclasses and syntactic functions. The characteristics of adjective reduplication and grammatical rules of Changzhi dialect can be summarized so as to provide some references for further study and further discussion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：喀什大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H172.2

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