漢蒙人體成語對比研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 13:24
【摘要】：人類文明發(fā)展的過程中隱喻都引起諸多學(xué)家的注目。隱喻不僅僅是一種修辭手段，它更是人類認(rèn)知活動中的一種重要的思維方式，因?yàn)樗季S過程本身就是隱喻性的。目前也有許多學(xué)者已認(rèn)為隱喻是一種認(rèn)知模式，即人類把熟悉的、已知的、具體的范疇概念投射映現(xiàn)到抽象的范疇概念中去的模式。換言之，用客觀存在的具體事物來認(rèn)識或解釋主觀想象中的抽象事物。在世界上的哪種語言中都有很普遍的、最常見的隱喻現(xiàn)象是以人體自身的部位作為認(rèn)知模式的人體隱喻。 人體隱喻屬于隱喻的一種。“人置身于世界中并作為世界的一部分，他必定以某種方式與這個世界構(gòu)成‘相似’的關(guān)系”（耿占春，1993：315）。人們常用身體某個部位或器官的特殊功能或特點(diǎn)構(gòu)成隱喻概念，如“眼、耳、臉、嘴、心、肝、手、腳、頭、腿”等人體部位的外在形狀、功能及民族心理和文化背景會形成人類的生存活動與認(rèn)知思維相互作用的必然結(jié)果——隱喻。比如說人們早就認(rèn)識到了“頭”的形狀、功能的特征就去類比需要認(rèn)識的其他具體或抽象事物，知道了它是運(yùn)行控制著人體的動作、思維、感覺的生理功能的器官，然后有了像它功能類似的概念，知道了它是人體中最明顯突出的方位，就有了“頭領(lǐng)、頭馬、山頭、布頭”等概念的隱喻。漢語和蒙語中的大部分無生命事物的表達(dá)都涉及人體部位的隱喻。人們在自己熟知的身體概念基礎(chǔ)上，，認(rèn)知或理解情感、思維、心理狀態(tài)甚至是社會生活中復(fù)雜的人際關(guān)系等其他許多的未知的、不熟悉的、較為抽象的或較難理解的另一個領(lǐng)域的隱喻概念，從而形成了豐富多彩的人體詞語隱喻表達(dá)方式。 自古以來，中蒙兩國是山水相接的鄰國，目前中國在經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易、教育、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等領(lǐng)域上迅速發(fā)展的同時，蒙古國學(xué)習(xí)漢語愛好者日益增多。近幾年來，中蒙兩國語言學(xué)家、研究者積極進(jìn)行對比研究，其中，反映出幾千年歷史文化的、民族風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、思維方式特點(diǎn)、詞匯單位之一的“成語”，尤其是成語對比研究毫無疑問地引起了學(xué)者們極大的興趣。漢蒙成語主要在詞匯學(xué)、認(rèn)知心理學(xué)、文化語言學(xué)等方面取得了相應(yīng)的對比研究成果。 中國語言學(xué)家、研究者從不同角度、不同的層次對漢語成語進(jìn)行深入研究，但他們大致認(rèn)為，漢語成語是熟語一種，有結(jié)構(gòu)的固定性、意義的完整性、不能將它組成成分任意替換、變動，主要以四個音節(jié)構(gòu)成的，具有一定的典故及來源的固定詞組。 蒙古國學(xué)者從詞匯學(xué)、詞義學(xué)、語法學(xué)、詞典學(xué)、翻譯學(xué)角度來探討蒙語成語認(rèn)為，“蒙語成語是固定詞組，它結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)固、意義完整、功能相當(dāng)于詞語，是不能直接逐字逐句地翻譯成其他外語的最能表現(xiàn)蒙古民族特色的一個特殊的家族。 成語是任何一種語言中不可缺少的重要組成部分，是民族語言中最富活力和表現(xiàn)力的單位之一，是民族文化和智慧的一面鏡子，它的數(shù)量眾多，使用范圍廣泛，頻率極高。所謂“人體成語”指的是含有人體各部位名稱的詞語表示關(guān)于人的知、情、意、行的成語。這些詞語或具體或抽象地表達(dá)了與人體有關(guān)的意義。人在“身體化活動”或“體認(rèn)”世界的過程中，將自己對自身各部位的認(rèn)識投射到周圍事物上，由此建立了一個由各個隱喻概念構(gòu)成的相互聯(lián)系的龐大的隱喻系統(tǒng)。人體的各部位及器官從頭到腳、從內(nèi)到外都能構(gòu)成數(shù)不勝數(shù)的、豐富多彩的、意義有趣的成語，這也是人類觀察自然、認(rèn)識自身的過程中逐漸形成的。 本論文從對比研究角度對漢蒙人體成語進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性和全面性的研究，本課題的主要目的就對漢蒙人體成語進(jìn)行全方位、系統(tǒng)性的研究，首先從漢蒙人體詞語和成語界定入手，對漢蒙人體成語給出明確的定義，對此進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)、語義特點(diǎn)分析；其次從認(rèn)知隱喻的角度，采取歸納的方法，對所有漢蒙人體成語及其語義范疇、結(jié)構(gòu)分類進(jìn)行定量定性的并且多角度、多層次地探討與分析，以期發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的異同之處；最后，采取考察現(xiàn)狀、問卷調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法對對外漢語成語教學(xué)進(jìn)行了初步性研究。本論文共分七章。 第一章緒論 本章主要論述了選題的動機(jī)和背景，闡明了研究綜述，并且確定了本課題的研究目標(biāo)，在確立好研究所使用的主要方法的基礎(chǔ)上指出了研究考察范圍和研究語料。 第二章漢蒙人體成語概述 在對中國和蒙古國語言學(xué)界各位學(xué)家的研究結(jié)果及理論依據(jù)進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，主要從本課題相關(guān)概念入手，界定漢蒙語人體詞語和漢蒙語成語的概念，并且第一次對漢蒙人體詞語、漢蒙語成語進(jìn)行了較全面性、較系統(tǒng)性的研究梳理和總結(jié)。同時從結(jié)構(gòu)及語義角度探討漢蒙語成語特點(diǎn)和來源，闡釋了它們的共性與個性。 第三到五章 本課題的核心部分，第一次探討漢蒙成語隱喻認(rèn)知對比分析，各章分別對漢蒙人體頭部器官成語、軀體器官成語以及內(nèi)臟器官成語的進(jìn)行隱喻認(rèn)知語義對比研究，力圖從漢蒙兩個民族的世界觀、隱喻認(rèn)知的普遍性、情感表達(dá)的隱喻性、文化的共個性等方面深入，以期發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間的差異。 第六章 以蒙古國高等學(xué)校漢語學(xué)習(xí)者作研究對象，從蒙古大學(xué)生的漢語成語偏誤分析入手，對漢語作為第二語言教學(xué)方面進(jìn)行研究，探討合理的對外漢語成語教學(xué)的方法，力圖解決目前蒙古國漢語教學(xué)中成語教學(xué)面臨的一些實(shí)際問題。 第七章結(jié)語 對本論文所探討的問題作出結(jié)論，指出創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)及有待更深入、更全面研究的問題。
[Abstract]:Metaphors have attracted the attention of many scientists during the development of human civilization. Metaphor is not only a rhetorical device, but also an important way of thinking in human cognitive activities, because the process of thinking itself is metaphorical. At present, many scholars have considered metaphor as a cognitive model, that is, human being is familiar and known. In other words, it is common in any language in the world, and the most common metaphorical phenomenon is human body metaphor as the cognitive model of human body.
Human body metaphor belongs to a metaphor. "Man is in the world and as part of the world, he must form a relationship with the world in some way" (Geng Zhanchun, 1993:315). People often use the special functions or characteristics of one part or organ of the body to form metaphorical concepts, such as "eye, ear, face, mouth, heart, liver, hand, foot," The external shape, function, and national psychological and cultural background of the human body, such as head, leg, and other human parts, will form the inevitable result of the interaction between human and cognitive thinking - metaphor, for example, that people have known the shape of the "head" for a long time, and the features of functions are analogous to other specific or abstract things to be understood. The organ that controls the movement, the thinking, and the physiological function of the human body, and then has the concept of a similar function, knowing that it is the most prominent position in the human body, and there is a metaphor for the concept of "head, head horse, mountain head, head", and the expression of most inanimate things in Chinese and Mongolian involves the body parts Metaphor. On the basis of their well known physical concepts, people recognize or understand the emotional, mental, psychological, and even the complex interpersonal relationships in social life, as well as other unknown, unfamiliar, more abstract or more difficult metaphorical concepts in another field, thus forming a colorful expression of human metaphors. Way.
Since ancient times, China and Mongolia are the neighbouring countries of the mountains and rivers. At the moment China has developed rapidly in the fields of economy, trade, education, infrastructure and other fields, the Mongolia Chinese learning Chinese enthusiasts are increasing. In recent years, the Chinese and Mongolian linguists and researchers have actively carried on the comparative study, which reflects the culture of thousands of years and the national style. The custom, the characteristics of the way of thinking and the "idiom" of one of the lexical units, especially the comparative study of the idioms, have undoubtedly aroused great interest in the scholars. The Chinese Mongolian idioms have made corresponding comparative results in the aspects of lexicology, cognitive psychology and cultural linguistics.
Chinese linguists, researchers have studied Chinese Idioms from different angles and different levels, but they generally think that Chinese idioms are a kind of idioms, with structural fixity and integrity of meaning, which can not be replaced arbitrarily and changed, mainly composed of four syllables, with certain allusions and sources. Phrase.
From the perspective of lexicology, lexicology, grammar, lexicography, and translation, Mongolia scholars discuss Mongolian idioms. "Mongolian idioms are fixed phrases. It has a solid structure, complete meaning and function equivalent to words. It is a special family that can not be translated word by word and sentence by word to other foreign languages to express the national characteristics of Mongolia."
The idiom is an indispensable part of any language. It is one of the most energetic and expressive units in the national language. It is a mirror of national culture and wisdom. It has a large number, wide range and high frequency. The so-called "human Idioms" refer to people with the names of various parts of the human body. These words express the meaning of the human body. In the process of "physical activity" or the "body recognition" of the world, people project their own understanding of their own parts to the surrounding things, and thus establish a huge metaphor which is composed of various metaphorical concepts. All parts and organs of the human body from head to foot, from inside to outside, can form numerous, colorful and interesting idioms, which are also gradually formed in the process of observing nature and recognizing itself.
This thesis makes a systematic and comprehensive study of Han Mongolian human idioms from the perspective of comparative study. The main purpose of this topic is to make a comprehensive and systematic study of Han Mongolian human idioms. First, starting with the definition of Han Mongolian human words and idioms, this paper gives a clear definition of the idioms of Han and Mongolia human body, and carries out the structure and semantic features of the Chinese and Mongolian idioms. Secondly, from the perspective of cognitive metaphor, we take the method of induction to make a quantitative qualitative and multi angle, multi-level discussion and analysis of all Han Mongolian idioms and their semantic categories and their semantic categories, in order to find out their similarities and differences. Finally, the method of investigation and statistics is adopted to teach Chinese idioms in foreign language. A preliminary study is carried out in the study. This paper is divided into seven chapters.
Chapter 1 Introduction
This chapter mainly discusses the motivation and background of the topic, clarifies the research review, and determines the research objectives of the subject. On the basis of the establishment of the main methods used in the Institute, the scope of the study and the research corpus are pointed out.
The second chapter of Han Mongolian human idioms
On the basis of the analysis of the research results and theoretical basis of Chinese and Mongolia language scholars, the concept of human and Mongolian idioms in Mongolian and Mongolian is defined, and the first time is to make a more comprehensive and systematic study of Han Mongolian human words and Chinese and Mongolian idioms. At the same time, this paper discusses the characteristics and sources of Chinese and Mongolian idioms from the perspective of structure and semantics, and explains their commonness and individuality.
Third to five chapters
The core part of this thesis is to discuss the metaphor cognition of the Chinese and Mongolian idioms for the first time. The chapters make a contrastive study of the metaphorical cognitive semantics of the Chinese and Mongolian human head organ idioms, the body idioms and the visceral idioms, trying to find out the universality of the metaphorical cognition, the metaphorical expression of the emotional expression, and the metaphorical expression of the two ethnic groups in the Han and Mongolian. In order to discover the differences between them, we should deepen the commonness of the Chinese culture.
The sixth chapter
Taking the Chinese learners of Mongolia University as the research object, starting with the analysis of the errors of Chinese idioms in Mongolia, this paper studies the Chinese as the second language teaching, and probes into the reasonable methods of teaching Chinese idioms in foreign Chinese, and tries to solve some practical problems in the teaching of idioms in the Chinese teaching of Chinese in Mongolia.
The conclusion of the seventh chapter
This paper draws a conclusion on the problems discussed in this paper, and points out the innovation points and the problems that need to be studied more deeply and comprehensively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H136.3;H531
本文編號：2143960
[Abstract]:Metaphors have attracted the attention of many scientists during the development of human civilization. Metaphor is not only a rhetorical device, but also an important way of thinking in human cognitive activities, because the process of thinking itself is metaphorical. At present, many scholars have considered metaphor as a cognitive model, that is, human being is familiar and known. In other words, it is common in any language in the world, and the most common metaphorical phenomenon is human body metaphor as the cognitive model of human body.
Human body metaphor belongs to a metaphor. "Man is in the world and as part of the world, he must form a relationship with the world in some way" (Geng Zhanchun, 1993:315). People often use the special functions or characteristics of one part or organ of the body to form metaphorical concepts, such as "eye, ear, face, mouth, heart, liver, hand, foot," The external shape, function, and national psychological and cultural background of the human body, such as head, leg, and other human parts, will form the inevitable result of the interaction between human and cognitive thinking - metaphor, for example, that people have known the shape of the "head" for a long time, and the features of functions are analogous to other specific or abstract things to be understood. The organ that controls the movement, the thinking, and the physiological function of the human body, and then has the concept of a similar function, knowing that it is the most prominent position in the human body, and there is a metaphor for the concept of "head, head horse, mountain head, head", and the expression of most inanimate things in Chinese and Mongolian involves the body parts Metaphor. On the basis of their well known physical concepts, people recognize or understand the emotional, mental, psychological, and even the complex interpersonal relationships in social life, as well as other unknown, unfamiliar, more abstract or more difficult metaphorical concepts in another field, thus forming a colorful expression of human metaphors. Way.
Since ancient times, China and Mongolia are the neighbouring countries of the mountains and rivers. At the moment China has developed rapidly in the fields of economy, trade, education, infrastructure and other fields, the Mongolia Chinese learning Chinese enthusiasts are increasing. In recent years, the Chinese and Mongolian linguists and researchers have actively carried on the comparative study, which reflects the culture of thousands of years and the national style. The custom, the characteristics of the way of thinking and the "idiom" of one of the lexical units, especially the comparative study of the idioms, have undoubtedly aroused great interest in the scholars. The Chinese Mongolian idioms have made corresponding comparative results in the aspects of lexicology, cognitive psychology and cultural linguistics.
Chinese linguists, researchers have studied Chinese Idioms from different angles and different levels, but they generally think that Chinese idioms are a kind of idioms, with structural fixity and integrity of meaning, which can not be replaced arbitrarily and changed, mainly composed of four syllables, with certain allusions and sources. Phrase.
From the perspective of lexicology, lexicology, grammar, lexicography, and translation, Mongolia scholars discuss Mongolian idioms. "Mongolian idioms are fixed phrases. It has a solid structure, complete meaning and function equivalent to words. It is a special family that can not be translated word by word and sentence by word to other foreign languages to express the national characteristics of Mongolia."
The idiom is an indispensable part of any language. It is one of the most energetic and expressive units in the national language. It is a mirror of national culture and wisdom. It has a large number, wide range and high frequency. The so-called "human Idioms" refer to people with the names of various parts of the human body. These words express the meaning of the human body. In the process of "physical activity" or the "body recognition" of the world, people project their own understanding of their own parts to the surrounding things, and thus establish a huge metaphor which is composed of various metaphorical concepts. All parts and organs of the human body from head to foot, from inside to outside, can form numerous, colorful and interesting idioms, which are also gradually formed in the process of observing nature and recognizing itself.
This thesis makes a systematic and comprehensive study of Han Mongolian human idioms from the perspective of comparative study. The main purpose of this topic is to make a comprehensive and systematic study of Han Mongolian human idioms. First, starting with the definition of Han Mongolian human words and idioms, this paper gives a clear definition of the idioms of Han and Mongolia human body, and carries out the structure and semantic features of the Chinese and Mongolian idioms. Secondly, from the perspective of cognitive metaphor, we take the method of induction to make a quantitative qualitative and multi angle, multi-level discussion and analysis of all Han Mongolian idioms and their semantic categories and their semantic categories, in order to find out their similarities and differences. Finally, the method of investigation and statistics is adopted to teach Chinese idioms in foreign language. A preliminary study is carried out in the study. This paper is divided into seven chapters.
Chapter 1 Introduction
This chapter mainly discusses the motivation and background of the topic, clarifies the research review, and determines the research objectives of the subject. On the basis of the establishment of the main methods used in the Institute, the scope of the study and the research corpus are pointed out.
The second chapter of Han Mongolian human idioms
On the basis of the analysis of the research results and theoretical basis of Chinese and Mongolia language scholars, the concept of human and Mongolian idioms in Mongolian and Mongolian is defined, and the first time is to make a more comprehensive and systematic study of Han Mongolian human words and Chinese and Mongolian idioms. At the same time, this paper discusses the characteristics and sources of Chinese and Mongolian idioms from the perspective of structure and semantics, and explains their commonness and individuality.
Third to five chapters
The core part of this thesis is to discuss the metaphor cognition of the Chinese and Mongolian idioms for the first time. The chapters make a contrastive study of the metaphorical cognitive semantics of the Chinese and Mongolian human head organ idioms, the body idioms and the visceral idioms, trying to find out the universality of the metaphorical cognition, the metaphorical expression of the emotional expression, and the metaphorical expression of the two ethnic groups in the Han and Mongolian. In order to discover the differences between them, we should deepen the commonness of the Chinese culture.
The sixth chapter
Taking the Chinese learners of Mongolia University as the research object, starting with the analysis of the errors of Chinese idioms in Mongolia, this paper studies the Chinese as the second language teaching, and probes into the reasonable methods of teaching Chinese idioms in foreign Chinese, and tries to solve some practical problems in the teaching of idioms in the Chinese teaching of Chinese in Mongolia.
The conclusion of the seventh chapter
This paper draws a conclusion on the problems discussed in this paper, and points out the innovation points and the problems that need to be studied more deeply and comprehensively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H136.3;H531
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