英漢句子焦點實證研究：聲學語音學視角
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 09:13
【摘要】：韻律學研究人類話語的旋律或節(jié)奏。它是語音習得和語音感知不可缺少元素。中英兩種語言的韻律差異，常常被認為是是造成學習者外國腔的重要原因。因此，有必要將兩種語言的韻律加以比較研究。然而，國內(nèi)發(fā)表的文獻中還沒有多少專門對中英兩種語言進行對比的韻律研究。本文試圖從韻律特征的角度對英漢兩種語言的韻律進行平行對比研究，，以探究句子焦點這一句子中最重要的成分是如何在這兩種語言中得到實現(xiàn)的。 本文報道了一項關(guān)于英漢句子焦點之韻律特征的實證研究。本研究基于三T理論（調(diào)群切分、調(diào)核承載和語調(diào)格局）(Halliday,1967; Wells,2006），通過考察句子焦點的三個聲學參數(shù)：時長，音強，基頻，探究以下問題： 1）英語句子焦點是如何實現(xiàn)？ 2）漢語句子焦點如何實現(xiàn)？ 3）英漢句子焦點在實現(xiàn)方式上有何相似和不同？ 4）中國二語習得者的句子焦點產(chǎn)出與英語RP母語者有何相似和不同？ 本研究的實驗材料為筆者設(shè)計的四組中英文匹配句子。每組材料在句型及焦點數(shù)目上存在差異。同組句子在句子焦點位置的布局上存在差異。本研究的受試由4名英語標準發(fā)音人，4名漢語普通話標準發(fā)音人以及20名中國英語學習者組成。 錄音采樣分別在江蘇科技大學語音科學實驗室和劍橋大學語音科學實驗室的專業(yè)錄音棚里，通過Cool Edit Pro V2.1錄音軟件完成錄制。并通過Praat5240-win32語音分析然軟件進行錄音數(shù)據(jù)標注和聲學分析。最后通過Excel及SPSS進行相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計和分析。 本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如下： 1.在英語中，句子焦點主要通過延長時長和擴大音高調(diào)域的方式來實現(xiàn)。音強在焦點的突顯方面不起主要作用。具體如下： (1)句中單詞成為焦點時，單詞時長得到顯著延長。(2)音強與焦點的實現(xiàn)相關(guān)性較弱。(3)焦點詞音高曲拱與所處句子類型相關(guān)。(4)非焦點句中，句末實意詞是調(diào)核的載體。 2.在漢語中，句子焦點通過延長時長，增加音強以及擴大調(diào)域的方式得到實現(xiàn)。三個參數(shù)中，時長和音強比調(diào)域起著更加重要的作用。 (1)從時長角度看，處于焦點位置的單詞時長得到顯著延長。(2)單詞處于焦點位置，音強得到增強。(3)受漢語字調(diào)影響，焦點詞無論在陳述句還是疑問句中，均呈現(xiàn)同一形狀的音高曲拱。(4)非焦點句的調(diào)核通常落于句末實意詞上同時承載調(diào)核重音。 3.中英句子焦點的韻律結(jié)構(gòu)有以下相似之處： (1)時長在中英句子焦點的實現(xiàn)中均扮演著重要角色。(2)中英單焦點陳述句中，所有焦點詞音強得到增強。(3)中英非焦點句的調(diào)核通常落于句末實意詞上同時承載調(diào)核重音。 中英句子焦點韻律結(jié)構(gòu)有以下相異之處： (1)音強在漢語句子的焦點實現(xiàn)中扮演更加顯著的角色(2)英語中，調(diào)域?qū)τ诮裹c實現(xiàn)的作用比在漢語中大。 4.中國二語學習者與英語標準語者焦點實現(xiàn)方式有以下相同之處： (1)標準語者與二語習學習者均延長了焦點的時長來實現(xiàn)句子焦點。(2)中國英語學習者和英語標準者都把語料中的簡單句當成一個語調(diào)短語。 兩群體在語音焦點的實現(xiàn)方式上有以下相異之處： (1)二語學習者焦點詞的絕對時長顯著長于標準語者。(2)二語學習者產(chǎn)出的每個焦點的音強均得到了增強，而標準語者的產(chǎn)出中，并非如此。 以上發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果對英語焦點理論以及第二外語教與學具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Prosodic studies the melody or rhythm of human discourse. It is an indispensable element in speech acquisition and speech perception. The rhythmic differences between the Chinese and English languages are often considered to be an important cause of the foreign language of the learners. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the prosody of the two languages. However, there is not much in the literature published in China. A study of the rhythm of the Chinese and English languages. This paper tries to study the prosody of the two languages from the angle of prosody to explore how the most important part of the sentence focus is realized in the two languages.
This paper reports an empirical study of the prosodic features of English and Chinese sentence focus. This study is based on the three T theory (Halliday, 1967; Wells, 2006). The following questions are explored by examining the three acoustic parameters of the focus of the sentence: length, intensity, and fundamental frequency.
1) how does the focus of the English sentence be realized?
2) how does the focus of Chinese sentence be realized?
3) What are the similarities and differences between English and Chinese sentence focus in the way of realization?
4) What are the similarities and differences between Chinese second language learners and English RP native speakers in sentence focus production?
The experimental materials of this study are four sets of Chinese and English matched sentences. Each group has a difference in the number of sentence patterns and focus. There are differences in the layout of the same sentence in the position of the focus of the sentence. The subjects of this study are composed of 4 English standard pronouns, 4 Chinese standard Chinese pronouns and 20 Chinese English learners.
The recording samples were recorded in the phonetic Science Laboratory of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology and the phonetic Science Laboratory of University of Cambridge respectively through the Cool Edit Pro V2.1 recording software, and the audio data annotation and acoustic analysis were carried out by Praat5240-win32 voice analysis. Finally, the related data series were carried out by Excel and SPSS. Analysis and analysis.
The findings of this study are as follows:
1. in English, the focus of the sentence is achieved by prolonging the length of the sentence and expanding the pitch of the pitch. The intensity of the sound does not play a major role in the prominence of the focus.
(1) when the word becomes the focus, the length of the word is prolonged significantly. (2) the correlation between the intensity of the sound and the realization of the focus is weak. (3) the pitch curve of the focus word is related to the type of sentence. (4) in the non focus sentence, the end of the sentence is the carrier of the core.
2. in Chinese, the focus of the sentence is realized by prolonging the length, increasing the intensity of the sound and expanding the area of the tune. In the three parameters, the length and the intensity of the sound are more important than the domain.
(1) from the point of view, the length of the word in the focus position is prolonged significantly. (2) the word is in the focus position and the sound intensity is enhanced. (3) influenced by the Chinese characters, the focus words both present the same shape of the pitch arch in both the declarative and interrogative sentences. (4) the non focus sentence is usually at the end of the end of the sentence. Nuclear stress.
3. The prosodic structure of the focus in Chinese and English sentences has the following similarities:
(1) the time length plays an important role in the realization of the focus of the Chinese and English sentences. (2) in the Chinese and English single focus statements, the intensity of all the focus words is enhanced. (3) the nucleus of the Middle English Non focus sentence usually falls on the end of the sentence and carries the accent stress at the same time.
There are some differences in the focus prosodic structure between Chinese and English sentences.
(1) Tone intensity plays a more significant role in the realization of focus in Chinese sentences (2) In English, register plays a greater role in the realization of focus than in Chinese.
4. there are the following similarities between the two language learners in China and the standard speakers in English:
(1) both the standard speaker and the two language learner extend the focus time to achieve the focus of the sentence. (2) both Chinese English learners and English standard learners regard simple sentences in the corpus as a intonation phrase.
The two groups have the following differences in the way of realizing the voice focus:
(1) the absolute length of the focus words of the two language learners is significantly longer than that of the standard speakers. (2) the intensity of each focus of the output of the two language learners is enhanced, and that is not the case in the output of the standard speakers.
The findings above can be used for reference in English focus theory and teaching and learning in second foreign languages.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H116;H311
本文編號：2143342
[Abstract]:Prosodic studies the melody or rhythm of human discourse. It is an indispensable element in speech acquisition and speech perception. The rhythmic differences between the Chinese and English languages are often considered to be an important cause of the foreign language of the learners. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the prosody of the two languages. However, there is not much in the literature published in China. A study of the rhythm of the Chinese and English languages. This paper tries to study the prosody of the two languages from the angle of prosody to explore how the most important part of the sentence focus is realized in the two languages.
This paper reports an empirical study of the prosodic features of English and Chinese sentence focus. This study is based on the three T theory (Halliday, 1967; Wells, 2006). The following questions are explored by examining the three acoustic parameters of the focus of the sentence: length, intensity, and fundamental frequency.
1) how does the focus of the English sentence be realized?
2) how does the focus of Chinese sentence be realized?
3) What are the similarities and differences between English and Chinese sentence focus in the way of realization?
4) What are the similarities and differences between Chinese second language learners and English RP native speakers in sentence focus production?
The experimental materials of this study are four sets of Chinese and English matched sentences. Each group has a difference in the number of sentence patterns and focus. There are differences in the layout of the same sentence in the position of the focus of the sentence. The subjects of this study are composed of 4 English standard pronouns, 4 Chinese standard Chinese pronouns and 20 Chinese English learners.
The recording samples were recorded in the phonetic Science Laboratory of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology and the phonetic Science Laboratory of University of Cambridge respectively through the Cool Edit Pro V2.1 recording software, and the audio data annotation and acoustic analysis were carried out by Praat5240-win32 voice analysis. Finally, the related data series were carried out by Excel and SPSS. Analysis and analysis.
The findings of this study are as follows:
1. in English, the focus of the sentence is achieved by prolonging the length of the sentence and expanding the pitch of the pitch. The intensity of the sound does not play a major role in the prominence of the focus.
(1) when the word becomes the focus, the length of the word is prolonged significantly. (2) the correlation between the intensity of the sound and the realization of the focus is weak. (3) the pitch curve of the focus word is related to the type of sentence. (4) in the non focus sentence, the end of the sentence is the carrier of the core.
2. in Chinese, the focus of the sentence is realized by prolonging the length, increasing the intensity of the sound and expanding the area of the tune. In the three parameters, the length and the intensity of the sound are more important than the domain.
(1) from the point of view, the length of the word in the focus position is prolonged significantly. (2) the word is in the focus position and the sound intensity is enhanced. (3) influenced by the Chinese characters, the focus words both present the same shape of the pitch arch in both the declarative and interrogative sentences. (4) the non focus sentence is usually at the end of the end of the sentence. Nuclear stress.
3. The prosodic structure of the focus in Chinese and English sentences has the following similarities:
(1) the time length plays an important role in the realization of the focus of the Chinese and English sentences. (2) in the Chinese and English single focus statements, the intensity of all the focus words is enhanced. (3) the nucleus of the Middle English Non focus sentence usually falls on the end of the sentence and carries the accent stress at the same time.
There are some differences in the focus prosodic structure between Chinese and English sentences.
(1) Tone intensity plays a more significant role in the realization of focus in Chinese sentences (2) In English, register plays a greater role in the realization of focus than in Chinese.
4. there are the following similarities between the two language learners in China and the standard speakers in English:
(1) both the standard speaker and the two language learner extend the focus time to achieve the focus of the sentence. (2) both Chinese English learners and English standard learners regard simple sentences in the corpus as a intonation phrase.
The two groups have the following differences in the way of realizing the voice focus:
(1) the absolute length of the focus words of the two language learners is significantly longer than that of the standard speakers. (2) the intensity of each focus of the output of the two language learners is enhanced, and that is not the case in the output of the standard speakers.
The findings above can be used for reference in English focus theory and teaching and learning in second foreign languages.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H116;H311
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 吳宗濟;;實驗語音學與語言學[J];語文研究;1981年01期
2 賈媛;李愛軍;陳軼亞;;普通話五字組焦點成分音高和時長模式研究[J];語言文字應用;2008年04期
本文編號：2143342
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