【摘要】：早在上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代,學(xué)者們就開始對(duì)漢語兒童的量詞習(xí)得狀況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查和探索,其研究成果受國外語言研究理論和方法的影響,經(jīng)歷了從心理學(xué)到語言學(xué)的逐漸過渡,這些研究成果對(duì)兒童量詞習(xí)得的整體規(guī)律做出了明確的總結(jié)：①兒童對(duì)量詞的掌握水平和他們的認(rèn)知水平是分不開的,②量詞的掌握似乎有一個(gè)先后難易順序,最先掌握的是一般性量詞“個(gè)”,其次是概括性較差,應(yīng)用面很窄的特殊性量詞,如“本”、“雙”,最難掌握的是概括性高,應(yīng)用面較寬,能修飾事物空間知覺特征的特殊性量詞,③方言的影響是明顯的,④量詞習(xí)得中存在泛化和句式順應(yīng)同化現(xiàn)象。本文以四年多積累的個(gè)案語料和群案調(diào)查語料為基礎(chǔ),分年齡階段對(duì)其量詞習(xí)得進(jìn)行分析研究,通過對(duì)同一年齡階段量詞習(xí)得高水平和低水平者的比較及調(diào)查訪談,對(duì)影響同一年齡兒童量詞的因素進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)同一年齡階段兒童量詞習(xí)得水平與閱讀數(shù)量密切相關(guān),并對(duì)這一新的發(fā)現(xiàn)在第四章進(jìn)行了深入的探討。同時(shí),本文對(duì)兒童量詞習(xí)得的總體特征也進(jìn)行探討,調(diào)查顯示七歲左右已基本能夠熟練運(yùn)用高頻量詞,且隨著年齡的增長同一年齡階段的高水平習(xí)得者與低水平習(xí)得者之間的差距不停的拉大,泛化和句式順應(yīng)同化現(xiàn)象只存于兒童量詞習(xí)得的初級(jí)階段,5-7歲兒童在交際中已能夠通過量詞的變換來表現(xiàn)他們感情和思想。此外,本文對(duì)6-7歲年齡階段城鄉(xiāng)兒童量詞習(xí)得情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查和分析比較,對(duì)兒童量詞習(xí)得和留學(xué)生量詞習(xí)得過程中所遇到的困難及其出現(xiàn)的偏誤進(jìn)行分析歸納,對(duì)兒童量詞運(yùn)用中的語用現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了論述,力圖多角度、多方位的探討量詞習(xí)得的規(guī)律,為語言學(xué)習(xí)者習(xí)得量詞尋找到一條科學(xué)、快速、有效、有趣的途徑。
[Abstract]:As early as the eighties of the last century, scholars began to investigate and explore the situation of Chinese children's acquisition of quantifiers. The research results were influenced by foreign language research theories and methods, and experienced a gradual transition from psychology to linguistics. These results clearly sum up the whole rule of children's quantifier acquisition. It seems that there is a difficult order for children to master quantifiers in the order that their level of mastery is inseparable from their level of cognition. The first thing to master is the general quantifier "individual", followed by the worse generality and narrower application of the special classifier, such as "Ben" and "double". The most difficult to master is the high generality and wide application. The influence of the special quantifier Zang 3 dialect which can modify the spatial perceptual characteristics of things is the generalization and the assimilation of sentence pattern adaptation in the acquisition of the classifier. Based on more than four years' accumulated case data and group case investigation data, this paper analyzes and studies the acquisition of classifiers in different age stages, and through the comparison and investigation of those who acquire high and low levels of quantifiers at the same age stage. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the quantifiers of children of the same age and finds that the level of children's acquisition of quantifiers is closely related to the amount of reading at the same age, and this new discovery is deeply discussed in Chapter four. At the same time, this paper also discusses the general characteristics of children's quantifier acquisition. The investigation shows that the children have been able to use high-frequency classifiers at the age of seven. And with the increase of age, the gap between the high level learners and the low level learners of the same age period keeps widening. Generalization and syntactic assimilation exist only in the primary stage of children's quantifier acquisition. Children aged 5-7 can express their feelings and thoughts through the transformation of quantifiers in communication. In addition, this paper makes an investigation and analysis on the acquisition of classifiers in urban and rural children aged 6-7, and analyzes and sums up the difficulties and errors encountered in the acquisition of classifiers by children and foreign students. This paper discusses the pragmatic phenomena in the use of children's classifiers, and tries to explore the rules of quantifier acquisition from many angles and from many aspects, in order to find a scientific, rapid, effective and interesting way for language learners to acquire quantifiers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H193.1

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