【摘要】：介詞在句法系統(tǒng)中占有重要地位,但是在不同的語言中介詞的數(shù)量和虛化程度是不同的。介詞主要由動詞語法化而來,尤其是賦元動詞。"以"、"用"、"持"、"取"、"捉"、"著"、"將"、"把"、"拿"、"使"這十個介詞都是在連謂結(jié)構(gòu)中由動詞虛化而來,它們的賓語經(jīng)常是工具成分,所以稱之為工具義介詞。這十個介詞在相同的句法結(jié)構(gòu)中標記相同的成分,但是它們的出現(xiàn)時間、發(fā)展過程以及發(fā)展結(jié)果都不盡相同。"以"和"用"產(chǎn)生最早,持續(xù)時間最長,"以"直到清代后期才消失,而"用"至今還在廣泛使用。"持"在西漢萌芽,"取、捉、著、將"出現(xiàn)在中古漢語階段;"把、使、拿"在唐宋時期才出現(xiàn),相對較晚。除了"用"之外,其他介詞存在的時間長短不一,但是最終都沒有在普通話中保存下來,"捉、使、拿"在方言中仍有使用。
[Abstract]:Prepositions play an important role in the syntactic system, but in different languages, the number and the degree of the prepositions are different. Prepositions come mainly from grammaticalization of verbs, especially fuyuan verbs. " The ten prepositions of "," use "," hold "," take "," catch "," will "," take "," make "come from the verb in the predicate structure, and their objects are often instrumental elements, so they are called instrumental prepositions. These ten prepositions mark the same components in the same syntactic structure, but their appearance, development process, and development result are different. " "he" was the earliest generation, the longest duration, "to" did not disappear until the late Qing Dynasty, and "use" is still widely used. "in the Western Han Dynasty," take, catch, and will "appear in the Middle Chinese stage;" the Tang, so, Na "only appeared in the Tang and Song dynasties, relatively late. In addition to "use", other prepositions exist for different periods of time, but in the end they are not preserved in Putonghua. "catch, make, take, take" are still used in dialects.
【作者單位】： 吉林大學(xué)文學(xué)院;
【分類號】：H146.2

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