本文選題：空間 + 認知��； 參考：《南京大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：視角是人類最普遍、最基本的認知方式之一,空間是認知語言學中最基本的認知域之一,因此空間視角是影響語言表達的重要因素。本文以“空間視角表達的認知語言研究”為題,運用認知心理學和認知語言學相關理論,從廣義空間視角和狹義空間視角兩個層面,主要考察了空間域中視角因素與空間語義句法表達的關系。全文以漢語研究為主,英語等外語為佐證,既探求視角在空間認知中普遍而基礎的地位,又考察了不同語言中視角表達的差異性。從而從普通語言學和具體的現(xiàn)代漢語方位表達兩方面來考察空間視角認知的共性與個性。第一章從“空間”定義出發(fā),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)空間既可能是一維的,又可能是二維的,還有可能是三維的�？臻g既是有限的,又是無限的；既有占有義,又有空置義。進而按照認知科學中“現(xiàn)實、認知和語言”的關系,將空間三分為物理空間、心理空間和語言空間。這為接下來界定視角這一空間認知域重要組成部分奠定了基礎,我們強調視角既有廣義和狹義之分,又有主觀和客觀之分。就內容而言,我們將人們對二維空間(地圖或平面圖)和三維空間的觀察區(qū)分為外部視角和內部視角,外部視角和內部視角統(tǒng)稱為廣義空間視角；將三維空間內的內部視角系統(tǒng)成為狹義空間視角。就角度而言,視角反映了人類識解空間場景的方式,視角表達既可以較客觀的反映現(xiàn)實場景,又可以與現(xiàn)實場景差異較大,我們將之分別稱為客觀視角和主觀視角。本文既研究客觀視角映射到空間語言表達的過程,又研究主觀視角選擇的影響及其成因。第二章和第三章主要強調人類空間視角的共性。第二章中,我們從廣義空間視角層面,按現(xiàn)實→認知→語言的思路,采用心理實驗法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法設計了兩個實驗,考察空間感知、心理再現(xiàn)和語言描述中的廣義空間視角。實驗1分析了外部視角描述和內部視角描述的語言特征。結果表明視角既體現(xiàn)在語言的詞匯層面,又體現(xiàn)在句法以及語篇層面。實驗2通過檢驗人們能否從陌生視角來描述熟悉的空間場景,來探討視角在空間心理再現(xiàn)和語言輸出時的轉換過程。被試按要求從內部或外部視角來描述一個熟悉建筑物的布局。結果表明說話人能夠從陌生視角來描述該空間場景。綜合實驗1和實驗2,我們最終歸納出物理空間-心理空間-語言空間的視角轉換模型。第三章中,我們借鑒認知語言學相關研究成果,將三維空間內的狹義空間視角系統(tǒng)分解為觀察點位置、觀察距離、觀察范圍(注意力轄域)、視角運動性和觀察方式(總括式掃描／次第式掃描)、觀察方向(順序掃描／逆序掃描)等子范疇,具體分析其對語言表達所產(chǎn)生的影響,并考察了由各子范疇結合組成的復合范疇及其認知原則。第四章將注意力集中在現(xiàn)代漢語本體上。我們從漢語語言事實出發(fā),遵循形式和意義相結合原則,以定性分析為主,輔以定量分析,探討了主觀視角和現(xiàn)代漢語方位表達間的關系。運用第三章提出的視角范疇和認知原則,主要考察了現(xiàn)代漢語名詞與方位詞搭配的傾向性,名詞與方位詞搭配的自由度,方位詞“上、下”的特殊用法,和水平維度方位表達歧義等具體的語言現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Visual angle is one of the most common and basic cognitive ways of human beings. Space is one of the most basic cognitive domains in cognitive linguistics. Therefore, spatial perspective is an important factor affecting language expression. This paper is based on the cognitive linguistics and cognitive linguistics theory of cognitive linguistics. In the two aspects of angle and narrow space, the relationship between visual angle factors and spatial semantic syntactic expression in space domain is mainly examined. The full text is based on Chinese research, English and other foreign languages as evidence. It not only explores the general and basic position of visual angle in spatial cognition, but also examines the differences in the different views expressed in different words, thus from the common language. The first chapter, from the definition of "space", finds that space may be one dimension, and may be two-dimensional, and may be three-dimensional. Space is both limited and infinite; it has two aspects: both possession and empty meaning. According to the relationship of "reality, cognition and language" in cognitive science, the three space is divided into physical space, psychological space and language space. This lays the foundation for the important component of the spatial cognitive domain that defines the angle of view, and we emphasize that the perspective has both broad and narrow sense and subjective and objective points. The observation of two-dimensional space (map or plane map) and three-dimensional space is divided into external and internal perspectives, and the external and internal perspectives are generalized as the broad space perspective; the internal angle of view within the three-dimensional space becomes a narrow space perspective. From the angle, the perspective reflects the way of human understanding of the space scene, the perspective expression. It can not only reflect the realistic scene but also be different from the real scene. We call it the objective and the subjective perspective. This paper not only studies the process of the objective and the subjective perspective, but also studies the influence and the cause of the choice of the subjective perspective. The second chapter and the third chapter mainly emphasize the common perspective of human space. In the second chapter, from the perspective of generalized spatial perspective, we have designed two experiments by psychological experiment method and mathematical statistics method according to the thought of reality, cognition and language. We examine the spatial perception, psychological reproduction and the generalized spatial perspective in the language description. Experiment 1 analyses the linguistic features of the external visual angle description and the internal visual angle description. It shows that the angle of view is not only reflected in the lexical level of the language, but also in the syntactic and textual level. In Experiment 2, by testing whether people can describe the familiar space scene from a strange angle of view, to explore the transformation process of visual angle in spatial psychological reproduction and language output. The subjects are asked to describe a familiar building from the internal or external perspective. The results show that the speaker can describe the space scene from a strange perspective. 1 and 2, we finally conclude the visual angle transformation model of the physical space - psychological space - language space. In the third chapter, we use the related research results of cognitive linguistics to decompose the narrow space perspective system in the three dimensional space into a view. The point of observation, observation distance, observation range (attention jurisdiction), visual angle movement and observation mode (total scan / secondary scan), observation direction (sequential scan / reverse scan) subcategory, analyze its influence on language expression, and examine the complex category and cognitive principle composed of subcategories. The fourth chapter focuses on the noumenon of modern Chinese. From the fact of Chinese language, we follow the principle of combination of form and meaning, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and discuss the relationship between the subjective angle of view and the orientation of modern Chinese. Using the perspective category and the cognitive principle put forward in the third chapter, we mainly examine the modern times. The tendencies of the collocation of Chinese nouns and azimuth words, the degree of freedom of the collocation of noun and azimuth words, the special usage of the azimuth words "up and down", and the expression of ambiguity in the direction of the horizontal dimension.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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