本文選題：語法 + 哈薩克語�。� 參考：《中央民族大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：語法范疇是“對同類型語法現(xiàn)象包含的共同語法意義所作的抽象概括和歸類”。按這種方式研究語法有助于把所有同類的語法意義都歸入一種語法范疇。因此,按照現(xiàn)代語言學的觀點為哈薩克語動詞的“時”范疇重建一個大的、完整的“時”的范疇系統(tǒng),應把所有以不同的語法手段表達出來的“時”的語法意義納入其中,并描寫清楚哈薩克語中表達“時”語法意義的所有語法手段、它們的種類、表達形式和意義。本文將在前人研究成果的基礎上去重新確定和劃分哈薩克語中動詞“時”的種類；重點描寫哈薩克語動詞“時”形式的表意功能及語用。哈薩克語中同一類“時”的語法意義可用不同的語法形式(近義形式)來表達。換言之,不同的語法形式可表示相近或相似的時意義。按照不同的語法形式表示不同的語法意義之觀點,這些近義形式需描寫清楚,找出它們所表達意義的不同之處,并指出它們在實際語言實用中的區(qū)別(即分布與表義方面的區(qū)別)這是本文將要解決的任務。 本文從語法意義入手,以意義牽頭、從意義到形式的方式來安排哈薩克語動詞時的語法范疇,并描述由不同形式表達出來的意義相近或相似的時,對近義形式進行相關比較,描寫它們(近義形式)在實際語言中的用法。哈薩克語有好多種近義形式,很多不同形式同時表示相近或相似的時意義。我們在實際語言使用中往往會面對近義形式的選擇問題,即說話人想要表達某種意義時需要考慮使用這些近義形式當中的某一形式更為準確和體面。在使用這些近義形式中有少部分可以完全替換使用(既是這樣它們在使用頻率上有所區(qū)別),也有形式由于委婉表達或其他因素的需要,用法上不能完全替換。所以,對這些近義形式進行比較并找出它們之間最細微的差異是對語言研究來說是至關重要的,并對哈薩克語時研究的一種補充內(nèi)容。 在寫作過程中,首先在所學到的語言學研究方面的專業(yè)知識和前人成果的基礎上,運用內(nèi)省法①(研究者通過自己內(nèi)省的方法來鑒別它能否說,或者是這樣用還是那樣用)來鑒別哈薩克語中意義相近的動詞“時”的不同形式(不同形式在表達同類意義時應用哪個形式較為合適)的用法、意義本身的差別,時段和時點的差別,附加的體、語氣等方面的差別,語體方面的差別等等。為使內(nèi)省法本身的不足、其局限性降低到最低,提高例句可信度和準確率,我們使用了調(diào)查問卷法。從哈薩克語母語人那里收集材料。 論文主要內(nèi)容結構由引言、哈薩克語動詞“時”的研究動態(tài)、哈薩克語動詞“時”的種類、哈薩克語動詞現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時的表達形式及意義、還有對表達這些“時”意義的不同形式之間的關系、對這些近義形式的相關比較、結論等幾個部分組成。
[Abstract]:Grammatical category is the abstract generalization and classification of the common grammatical meaning included in the syntactic phenomenon of the same type. Studying grammar in this way helps to categorize all the grammatical meanings of the same kind into one grammatical category. Therefore, according to the view of modern linguistics, to reconstruct a large and complete category system of "tense" for Kazakh verbs, the grammatical meaning of "tense" expressed by different grammatical means should be included. It also describes all grammatical means, types, forms and meanings of expressing the grammatical meaning of "Shi" in Kazakh. On the basis of previous research results, this paper will redefine and divide the types of verb "time" in Kazakh language, and focus on describing the ideographic function and pragmatics of the verb "time" form in Kazakh language. The grammatical meaning of the same kind of "tense" in Kazakh can be expressed in different grammatical forms (synonyms). In other words, different grammatical forms can express similar or similar temporal meanings. According to the viewpoint that different grammatical forms express different grammatical meanings, these synonyms need to be clearly described, to find out the differences in the meanings they express, It is pointed out that the difference between them in the practical use of real language (i.e. the difference between distribution and meaning) is the task to be solved in this paper. This paper starts with grammatical meaning, takes the lead in meaning, arranges the grammatical category of Kazakh verb from meaning to form, and describes the similar or similar meanings expressed by different forms. Describe their use in actual language. Kazakh has many forms of synonyms, many of which express similar or similar temporal meanings at the same time. In practical language use, we often face the problem of the choice of synonyms, that is, when the speaker wants to express a certain meaning, he needs to consider the use of one of these forms of synonyms more accurately and respectfully. In the use of these synonyms, there are a few that can be completely replaced (even if they are used differently in frequency), and forms that cannot be used completely because of the need for euphemism or other factors. Therefore, comparing these synonyms and finding out the smallest differences between them is of great importance to language research and a supplement to Kazakh language research. In the process of writing, first of all, on the basis of the professional knowledge of linguistic research and the achievements of predecessors, we use introspection method 1 (the researchers use their own introspection method to identify whether it can be said or not. Or, in one way or another, to identify the different forms of the verb "tense" in Kazakh with similar meanings (which form is more appropriate in expressing the same meaning), and the difference in meaning itself, The differences between time and time points, additional aspect, mood, style and so on. In order to reduce the limitation of introspection method to the minimum and improve the credibility and accuracy of example sentences, we use the questionnaire method. Collect materials from native Kazakh speakers. The main content structure of this paper is the introduction, the research trends of the Kazakh verb "tense", the types of the Kazakh verb "tense", the expression forms and meanings of the present tense, the past tense and the future tense of the Kazakh verb. The relationship between different forms of expressing the meaning of "time", the relative comparison and conclusion of these forms of synonyms and so on.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H236

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