本文選題：漢語“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式 + 解讀機(jī)制�。� 參考：《四川外國語大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：一部東北鄉(xiāng)村劇《別拿豆包不當(dāng)干糧》煥發(fā)了“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”這類構(gòu)式表達(dá)的流行，以新聞標(biāo)題，書名，文章標(biāo)題，廣告標(biāo)題等形式為多。按現(xiàn)代漢語語法，該構(gòu)式承繼了“拿”字處置構(gòu)式、（雙重）否定構(gòu)式和“別”字否定祈使構(gòu)式等上位語式的信息。很多學(xué)者分別使用傳統(tǒng)、語義語用、轉(zhuǎn)換生成、認(rèn)知等方法對它們作了研究，卻未見對“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式的專題研究。秉承認(rèn)知語言學(xué)（包括構(gòu)式語法）“1+12”的整合觀，本文認(rèn)為“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式絕不是三種語式的簡單組合，該構(gòu)式的意義為“說話者勸說聽話者消顯或凸顯X所含的Y的典型概念屬性”，該構(gòu)式具有通過勸諫說理調(diào)整范疇化的功能。 本文在認(rèn)知語言學(xué)（包含構(gòu)式語法）框架下，基于范疇化理論，特別是原型理論，以及Hopper and Thompson (1984)提出的語言去范疇化是語言范疇化理論的重要組成部分的論斷，發(fā)現(xiàn)人們因識解差異可不斷地發(fā)生范疇的調(diào)變，因此人們在認(rèn)識世界過程中，存在由“初始范疇化”經(jīng)歷“去范疇化”、“再范疇化”的動(dòng)態(tài)過程。以此，本文提出了概念層面的動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化過程的構(gòu)想，對漢語“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式的解讀機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究，并深入挖掘該構(gòu)式進(jìn)行概念去范疇化和再范疇化的工作機(jī)制：1).構(gòu)式和語境的壓制；2).基于圖形背景轉(zhuǎn)換的凸顯原則；3).隱轉(zhuǎn)喻認(rèn)知機(jī)制。筆者通過對已收集到的519條語料(包括372條“別拿X當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式及其變體和147條“別拿X不當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式及其變體)的句法、語義和語用特征進(jìn)行分類分析，以發(fā)現(xiàn)在構(gòu)式特征影響下，解讀該構(gòu)式意義的動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化過程的運(yùn)行。 本文共五章，主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章“引言”，介紹本文選題理據(jù)、研究對象及范圍、研究目的、研究方法及語料收集和結(jié)構(gòu)布局。 第二章“文獻(xiàn)綜述”，由于缺乏前人研究，本章主要回顧和評價(jià)與該構(gòu)式有關(guān)的上位構(gòu)式的前人研究，主要包括處置構(gòu)式及“拿”字處置構(gòu)式、（雙重）否定構(gòu)式和“別”字祈使構(gòu)式，且指出研究不足；接著界定本文研究對象“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”的構(gòu)式特性。 第三章“理論框架”，針對以往研究不足，本文提出概念層面的動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化過程，包括初始范疇化、去范疇化、再范疇化階段，來闡釋“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式的解讀機(jī)制。針對此過程，還挖掘出促成該構(gòu)式進(jìn)行概念層面動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化的三個(gè)工作機(jī)制。 第四章“語料分析與討論”，本文對人民網(wǎng)、中國知網(wǎng)、百度、谷歌、有聲媒體語言文本語料庫檢索進(jìn)行窮盡搜索，共獲得“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式及其變體在內(nèi)的519條語料，自建小型封閉語料庫。筆者分別從句法、語義、語用三個(gè)層面對語料進(jìn)行分類分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)在構(gòu)式特征影響下，解讀構(gòu)式意義的動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化過程的不同。語料分析發(fā)現(xiàn)： 句法上，X和Y成分可由名詞（短語），動(dòng)詞（短語），形容詞，甚至小句充當(dāng)，且二者的句法范疇可以不同，這需要構(gòu)式壓制對其進(jìn)行解釋說明。 語義上，構(gòu)式意義要求詞項(xiàng)X和Y在語義上能基于百科知識建立概念屬性的關(guān)聯(lián)，同時(shí)二者的概念屬性又不得不具備一定不協(xié)調(diào)性，以發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化；另外根據(jù)該構(gòu)式表達(dá)的“語義透明度”，筆者將此構(gòu)式大體分為三類，分別命名為：透明型，透明-隱晦型和隱晦型，，并以案例逐類展示其動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化過程。 語用上，該構(gòu)式體現(xiàn)了標(biāo)題的簡潔新奇性，具有主觀性的反向說理（“別拿X當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式）和正向說理（“別拿X不當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式）的語用特征，最后筆者提出要防止該構(gòu)式被濫用的警示。 第五章“結(jié)語”，總結(jié)全文，歸納本文貢獻(xiàn)： 1.提出了概念層面的動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化過程用以闡釋“別拿X（不）當(dāng)Y”構(gòu)式意義的解讀機(jī)制，并進(jìn)一步挖掘促成該構(gòu)式進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化的三個(gè)工作機(jī)制； 2.窮盡性搜索該構(gòu)式及其變體，自建519條小型封閉語料庫，并對該構(gòu)式的句法、語義、語用特征進(jìn)行深入分析，以佐證動(dòng)態(tài)范疇化過程的有效性。 最后，該章節(jié)還提出了本研究之不足和建議。
[Abstract]:A northeastern rural drama, "bun bean bag unsuitable dry grain", radiates the popularity of "do not take X (not) as Y". It takes the form of news headlines, title, title, advertising headlines and so on. According to modern Chinese grammar, this structure inherits the structure of "take" the word, and (double) negation and "farewell" to negate the imperative structure. Many scholars have studied them using traditional, semantic, pragmatic, transformational, cognitive and other methods. But there is no special study on "X (not) Y". Adhering to the integration concept of "1+12" in cognitive linguistics (including constructional grammar), this article holds that "do not take X (not) as a Y" is not the three type of simple form. Single combination, the meaning of the structure is "the speaker persuades the listener to eliminate or highlight the typical conceptual attributes of the Y contained in X", which has the function of adjusting the categorization through admonition.
Under the framework of cognitive linguistics (including constructional grammar), categorization based theory, especially prototype theory, and Hopper and Thompson (1984) are an important part of the theory of language categorization. It is found that people can constantly change the category because of the differences of understanding, so people are in the world. In the process of boundary, there is a dynamic process of "Categorization" through "Categorization" and "re categorization". In this paper, the concept of dynamic categorization is put forward in this paper, and the interpretation mechanism of "X (not) as Y" is studied in Chinese, and the concept de categorization and re categorization is deeply excavated. The working mechanism: 1). Construction and context suppression; 2). The protruding principle based on graphic background conversion; 3) the cognitive mechanism of implicit metonymy. The author classifies the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the collected 519 corpus (including 372 "don't take X as Y" structure and its variant and 147 "don't take X improper Y" structure and its variant) To find out the operation of the dynamic categorization process under the influence of constructional features, we analyze the meaning of the construction.
This paper consists of five chapters. The main contents are as follows:
The first chapter is "Introduction", which introduces the motivation, the object and the scope, the purpose, the method, the collection and the layout of the corpus.
In the second chapter, "literature review", due to the lack of previous research, this chapter mainly reviews and evaluates previous studies on the epistatic structure related to the structure, mainly including the disposal structure and the "take" disposition structure, (double) negative structure and the "farewell" imperative structure, and point out that the research is not enough; and then the object of this study is to take X (no). When the structure of Y "is characteristic.
In the third chapter, "theoretical framework", aiming at the shortage of previous research, this paper puts forward the dynamic categorization process of conceptual level, including initial categorization, de categorization, and re categorization stage, to explain the interpretation mechanism of "do not take X (") as a Y "structure. In this process, it also excavates the three workers that contribute to the dynamic categorization of the conceptual level. Make a mechanism.
In the fourth chapter, "corpus analysis and discussion", this paper makes a exhaustive search for the people's network, Chinese knowledge network, Baidu, Google, and audio media language text corpus retrieval, and obtains a total of 519 materials, "do not take X (") "and its variant, and build a small closed corpus from three layers of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. According to the classification analysis, we find that the dynamic categorization process of structural meaning is different under the influence of construction features.
Syntactically, the components of X and Y can be acted by nouns (phrases), verbs (phrases), adjectives, and even clauses, and the syntactic category of the two can be different.
Semantically, the constructional meaning requirements X and Y are semantically based on the association of conceptual attributes based on encyclopedia knowledge, and the conceptual attributes of the two have to have a certain inconsistency in order to generate dynamic categorization. In addition, according to the "semantic transparency" expressed in this structure, the pens are divided into three categories, named as: Transparent, transparent - obscurity and obscurity, and demonstrate the dynamic categorization process in a case by case.
In pragmatics, the structure embodies the simplicity and novelty of the title, the subjective reverse reasoning ("take X as a Y" structure) and the pragmatic features of the positive reasoning ("do not take X improper Y"). Finally, the author puts forward a warning to prevent the structure being abused.
The fifth chapter is "concluding remarks".
1. the dynamic categorization process of conceptual level is put forward to explain the interpretation mechanism of "do not take X (not) as Y", and to further excavate the three working mechanisms that contribute to the dynamic categorization of the structure.
2. the exhaustive search of the structure and its variants, the self construction of 519 small closed corpora, and an in-depth analysis of the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the structure, in order to testify the effectiveness of the dynamic categorization process.
Finally, the chapter also points out the shortcomings and suggestions of this research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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