本文選題：位移范疇 + 位移事件　； 參考：《吉林大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：人的認識中空間因素對其表達空間位移范疇的方式起著取決性的作用。人怎么認識空間,即行動的環(huán)境會有對應的空間位移范疇表達方式。隨著不盡相同的具體環(huán)境條件,言語表達主體對空間認識也不同。漢語和越南語都屬于南亞語系,但屬于不同的語族,漢語是漢藏語而越南語是孟-高棉語,漢-越語對空間認識包括空間位移認識既有很多相同點又有不少相異點。 借鑒以往的研究大都從漢語的表層結構如位移動詞、趨向動詞、趨向補語、動趨式等,不成系統(tǒng)地探討[位移]語義特征,但只是支離破碎的點,沒有形成系統(tǒng)的線和面,這樣從形式出發(fā)的研究路子抓不著[位移]的本質問題,我們認為想要找出[位移]的本質問題,還是得從整體視角把[位移]當范疇來分析并構建位移范疇的語義概念特征系統(tǒng),最后才通過語言事實來驗證。這樣從意義出發(fā)、以Talmy的詞匯化模式理論為基礎、以運動事件語義概念成分為切入點是貫穿本論文的研究思路。論文共5章,主要內容如下： 第一章緒論先說明一下本文選題來源后充分綜合一下國內外以往的相關文獻并指出研究的不足。最后明確研究對象、研究思路以及擬解決的關鍵性問題。 第二章漢-越語空間位移范疇的語義構架 從Talmy認知語義學的整體視角著眼,本章構建起位移范疇的語義概念系統(tǒng),包括“凸像”(位移體)、“動作”(位移力)、“背景”(參照位置)和“路徑”(路徑、方向)等四個內部概念成分,深入剖析漢-越語位移范疇的底層概念語義成分并初步指出漢-越語中針對位移范疇的認知特征。 第三章漢-越語空間位移范疇的詞匯化方式 根據Talmy對世界語言中表達移動概念的動詞所劃分的3種模式類型：(1)[移動+方式/原因]模式；(2)[移動+路徑]模式；(3)[移動+移動主體]模式,本文明確指出漢語和越南語的移動動詞一般有兩種語義模式類型,分別是[移動+方式]模式跟[移動+路徑]模式,由方式動詞和路徑動詞擔任。位移力的詞化一般分布于詞語層次,主要是由移動動詞擔任。接著本文通過對移動動詞進行不同角度、不同層次的再分類進一步充分印證位移力的詞化分布情況。 本文同時闡述漢越語由趨向動詞和介詞標引出來的參照位置的大概情況。兩種語言的詞匯化方式之間的相同與差異驗證了第二章所得出的結論,實踐語言交際證明漢語較常使用內在參照系和相對參照系的復合參照系來描述位移事件,而越南語依賴交際主體間的默契性而更常使用內在參照系描述位移事件,只是特地滿足交際需求才使用內在參照系和相對參照系的復合參照系。 本文針對非定域處所詞的構成特征確定方位指示意義對位移范疇[背景]的概念成分也有重要的關系而漢語方位詞和越南語對應表達的概念化復雜情況漢-越語位移范疇所采用的參照系也產生直接的一下。本文通過深入探討漢-越語表達基本方位的表達方式證實相同的空間定位表達方式不一定導致相同的空間認知結果,反之,不相同的空間表達方式不一定映射不相同的空間認知結果。 本文把漢-越語位移范疇路徑概念的詞化分布情況總結為表4.6和表4.7,充分描述兩種語言通過詞、短語和構式三個層次的多種語言單位的詞化分布情況。最大不同點在于漢語經常使用帶有[+指示]義的趨向詞“來/去”表示位移路徑,而越南語對應表達沒有[-指示]意義。 漢-越語位移范疇可以從動詞義素本身或其他句子成分提取方向性的語義特征,如縱向動詞、橫向動詞。突出的差異在于漢語經常使用近向、遠向位移方向而越南語不經常使用這種語義概念特征以及詞匯化方式�？傊疂h語善于使用哪怕是客觀方向性還是主觀方向性的水平方向,而越南語更偏好使用客觀方向性的水平方向。 第四章漢-越語位移范疇的語法結構 本文通過對漢-越語無界位移事件和有界位移事件的表達語句的分析大致上突出漢-越語相同結構和相異結構,主要是詞匯化分布的差異和語序上的差異。本文分別談簡單語法結構和復雜語法結構。 漢-越語的簡單結構的詞化分布相同點為一般路徑動詞(自移事件和致移事件)和特殊路徑動詞(無致移事件)。大不相同是越南語趨向輔助動詞不分簡單式和復合式,不分指示式和非指示式,而漢語分得非常清楚。漢-越語位移范疇路徑語義概念有無[±指示]意義特征通過這里充分得到驗證。 漢語位移事件的復雜語法結構主要通過由簡單趨向動詞構成的V趨簡式和由復合趨向動詞構成的V趨復式來描述各種位移事件,構成4種格式。越南語對應表達主要由簡單趨向輔助動詞構成的V趨間式,即是只有V趨簡式,沒有V趨復式。這是漢-越語的最大不同,共2種格式和2種附帶格式。本文主要闡述漢、越語V趨式帶賓語所采用的相關格式,尤其是格式對賓語位置的各種制約因素,包括位移事件、賓語、動詞等的性質和條件。 越南語格式F越1、F越2需要時為了彌補[指示][近向、遠向]等語義特征可以加上由“(phia/dag/ben/cho)+nay/day/do/kia"等其它詞語組成的處所賓語0處所并采用格式F'越1、F'越2。 接著本文針對漢語、越南語不同格式間通說的情況探討出一些最基本制約因素。這也是本論文的新點子。 漢、越語語除了動趨式,也可以使用動介式來描述位移事件,尤其是表目標或終點標記的介詞。 第五章是論文的結語。
[Abstract]:In human cognition, spatial factors play a role in the way they express the space displacement category. How people understand space, that is, the environment of the action will have corresponding spatial displacement category expression. With different specific environmental conditions, the body of speech expression is different to space. Both Chinese and Vietnamese belong to the South Asian language family. But it belongs to different languages, Chinese is Han Tibetan and the Vietnamese language is Mencius Khmer, and Han Yue has many similarities and differences in spatial cognition, including space displacement.
Most of the previous studies are based on the surface structure of the Chinese language, such as a position moving word, a tendency verb, a complement to a complement, a motion pattern and so on. It does not systematically explore the semantic features of the [displacement], but it is only a broken point and does not form a systematic line and surface, so that the research path from the form does not grasp the essential problem of the [displacement]. The essential problem of "displacement" is to analyze and construct the semantic concept characteristic system of displacement category from the whole perspective and to construct the semantic concept characteristic system of the displacement category. Finally, it is verified by the language fact. In this way, the meaning of the semantic concept of Talmy is based on the concept of the semantic concept of sports events. There are 5 chapters in this paper. The main contents are as follows:
In the first chapter, the introduction first explains the source of this topic, and gives a full synthesis of the relevant literature at home and abroad and points out the shortcomings of the research. Finally, the research objects, the research ideas and the key problems to be solved are clarifies.
The second chapter is the semantic framework of Chinese and Vietnamese spatial displacement categories.
From the overall perspective of Talmy cognitive semantics, this chapter constructs the semantic concept system of the displacement category, including four internal concepts, such as "convex image" (displacement body), "action" (displacement force), "background" (reference position) and "path" (path, direction) and so on. It points out the cognitive characteristics of displacement category in Chinese Vietnamese language.
The third chapter is the lexicalization of Chinese and Vietnamese spatial displacement categories.
According to Talmy's 3 pattern types divided by the verbs expressing the concept of movement in the world language: (1) [mobile + mode / cause] mode; (2) [mobile + path] mode; (3) [mobile + Mobile subject] mode, this article clearly points out that there are two types of semantic patterns in Chinese and Vietnamese mobile verbs, namely, "mobile + mode" pattern heel. The mode of movement + path is held by the verb and the path verb. The lexicalization of the displacement force is generally distributed in the word level, mainly by the mobile verb. Then, this paper further confirms the distribution of the displacement force by the different angles and the reclassification of the different levels of the mobile verbs.
The similarities and differences between the lexicalization methods of the two languages verify the conclusion of the second chapters, and the practical language communication proves that the Chinese language often uses the compound reference system of the internal reference system and the relative reference system to describe the displacement events. The Vietnamese language relies on the tacit nature of the intersubjects and often uses the internal reference system to describe the displacement events. It is only a compound reference system that uses the internal reference system and the relative reference system to meet the communicative needs.
In this paper, in view of the composition characteristics of the non locality words, the orientation directive significance is also important to the conceptual components of the displacement category [background], and the conceptual complexity of the Chinese azimuth and the Vietnamese corresponding expressions is complicated. The expression of the basic orientation confirms that the same spatial location expression does not necessarily lead to the same spatial cognitive results. On the contrary, different spatial expressions do not necessarily map different spatial cognitive results.
In this paper, the lexical distribution of the concept of the Chinese Vietnamese displacement category path concept is summed up as table 4.6 and table 4.7, which fully describes the lexical distribution of the multiple language units in the three levels of the words, phrases and constructions in two languages. The biggest difference is that the Chinese often uses the word "to" express the displacement path with a "+ directive" meaning. The Vietnamese language has no [- directive] meaning.
The Chinese Vietnamese displacement category can extract the directional semantic features from the verb sememe itself or other sentence components, such as the vertical verb and the horizontal verb. The prominent difference lies in the frequent use of the near direction in Chinese and the far direction of the displacement, while the Vietnamese does not often use this semantic concept and lexicalization. In a word, Chinese is good at using even if it is used. It is the horizontal direction of objective direction or subjective direction, while Vietnamese prefers objective direction.
The fourth chapter of the grammatical structure of the Chinese Vietnamese displacements
Through the analysis of the expressions of the unbounded displacement events and the bounded displacement events in the Han Yue language, this paper mainly highlights the same structure and dissimilarity structure of the Han Vietnamese language, mainly the differences in the lexical distribution and the difference in the word order. This paper discusses the simple grammatical structure and the complex grammatical structure.
The lexical distribution of the simple structure of the Han Vietnamese language is the same as the general path verb (self shift and transfer event) and the special path verb (no moving event). The large difference is that in the Vietnamese language, the auxiliary verbs are not divided into simple and complex forms, and the Chinese are very clear. The meaning of the concept of "+ indication" is fully verified here.
The complex grammatical structure of the Chinese displacement event is mainly composed of V simplification by simple tendency verbs and the V complex composed of compound tendency verbs to describe all kinds of displacement events and form 4 forms. The corresponding expression of the Vietnamese language is mainly composed of the V convergence of the simple auxiliary verbs, that is, only V is simplified, and there is no V compound. The largest difference between Chinese and Vietnamese, a total of 2 forms and 2 incidental forms. This paper mainly expounds the relevant formats of the V approach with the object of the Han and Vietnamese language, especially the various constraints on the position of the object, including the nature and conditions of the displacement, the object and the verb.
The more the Vietnamese format F is 1, the more the F 2 is needed to make up for the [directive] [near, far] semantic features, such as the "(phia/dag/ben/cho) +nay/day/do/kia" and other words of the object 0, and the 1 of the format F', and the 2. of the F'.
Next, this paper discusses some basic constraints for Chinese and Vietnamese in different formats. This is also the new idea of this paper.
In addition to the verb form, Chinese and Vietnamese can also use motion medias to describe displacement events, especially the prepositions of table targets or terminal markers.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the paper.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146;H44

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本文編號：2027014