本文選題：漢越視覺動詞 + 語義場�。� 參考：《吉林大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：不同語言之間視覺動詞的對比研究是吸引語言學家深入研究的課題之一。在搜集及研究資料的過程中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在越南有越法和越英之間視覺動詞的對比,在中國有漢英、漢俄或漢日之間視覺動詞的對比,但漢越視覺動詞對比的研究還較為缺乏。因此筆者試圖從語義方面對漢越視覺動詞進行對比,同時也希望通過本研究題目能夠豐富漢越對比研究的內(nèi)容,并且能夠彌補詞匯場-語義場領(lǐng)域的某些空白。 本文包括以下主要內(nèi)容： 第一章為緒論,本文提出選題理由并介紹與本研究有關(guān)的研究對象及范圍、研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀,最后介紹本文的研究方法。 第二章：與漢越視覺動詞相關(guān)的基本問題 我們從語義角度把視覺動詞系統(tǒng)劃分為“非視覺行為動詞”和“視覺行為動詞”兩大類型。其中本文主要深入分析和詳細對比漢越“視覺行為動詞”。 我們參照《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》、《現(xiàn)代漢語規(guī)范詞典》、《漢語教與學詞典》、《新華同義詞詞典》、《同義詞詞林》、《詞典學詞匯學語義學文集》、《現(xiàn)代漢語分類大詞典》、《越南語詞典》、《越南詞和語詞典》、《漢越詞典》、《越漢詞典》等義類詞典,將漢語中的105個視覺行為動詞義位和越南語中的46個視覺行為動詞義位,分別劃分為“視覺動作動詞義場”和“視覺感知動詞義場”。并根據(jù)各義位之間的區(qū)別性語義特征,將漢越視覺動作動詞義場和漢越視覺感知動詞義場進一步細分。 漢語視覺動作動詞義場的代表性義位為“看”,越南語視覺動作動詞義場的代表性義位為“nhin”。在漢語視覺動作動詞義場的基礎(chǔ)上,我們又進一步細分為“看”基本義場和“細看”、“注視”、“窺探”、“環(huán)視”、“斜視”、“平視”、“閱讀”、“望”、“仰視”、“回視”、“俯視”11類下位子場,并在越南語視覺動作動詞義場的基礎(chǔ)上,也進一步細分為“nhin”基本義場和“nhin ky”、“dom”、“l(fā)iec”、“doc”、“nhin xa”、“nguoc”6類下位子場。其中只有“看”與“nhin”、“細看”與“nhin ky”、“窺探”與“dom”、“斜視”與“l(fā)iec”、“閱讀”與“doc”、“望”與“nhin xa”、“仰視”與“nguoc”為對應(yīng)子場�！白⒁暋�、“環(huán)視”、“平視”、“回視”、“俯視”這5類子場在越南語中是空缺義場：在表達這些視覺行為時,漢語都用動詞來表示而越南語則用短語來表示,因此無法進行對比。如動詞“注視”,越南語用短語“nhin cham chu”來對譯；動詞“環(huán)視”,越南語用短語“nhin xung quanh”來對譯。 漢語視覺感知動詞義場的代表性義位為“見”,越南語視覺感知動詞義場的代表性義位為“thay”。在漢越視覺感知動詞義場中“見”義場與“thay”義場為對應(yīng)子場。 通過對以上所提到的漢越視覺行為動詞對應(yīng)子場對比,我們對這兩種語言中的視覺行為動詞從整體上有了一個比較清楚地了解。漢越視覺行為動詞語義場同中有異：共性表現(xiàn)在漢越視覺行為動詞義場內(nèi)部分類層級大致相同,都分為基本義場和下位子場；差異表現(xiàn)在漢語中有“注視”、“環(huán)視”、“平視”、“回視”、“俯視”這5類子場在越南語中是空缺義場,并在漢越視覺行為動詞對應(yīng)義場中都存在空缺義位。 第三章：漢越視覺行為動詞義場對比 我們參考詞典釋義,對漢越視覺行為動詞對應(yīng)義場中的義位進行義素分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)漢越視覺行為動詞在語義成分上既存在共性,又存有差異。共享的語義成分使它們同屬一個語義場,并通過個性義素來區(qū)別。 漢越視覺行為動詞義場有[視覺器官](眼睛)、[核心語義](看)2個共性義素和[動作]、[時間]、[空間]、[方式]、[態(tài)度]、[關(guān)系對象]、[適用范圍]、[目的]、[情態(tài)]、[形象]、[結(jié)果]、[語體]12個個性義素。 漢越視覺行為動詞對應(yīng)義場中義位的數(shù)目不完全對應(yīng)。漢語視覺行為動詞義場的義位比越南語視覺行為動詞義場的義位多得多：在漢語視覺動作動詞義場中有96個義位,在越南語視覺動作動詞義場中有44個義位。其中,“看”基本義場有4個義位,“細看”子場有36個義位,“窺探”子場有8個義位,“斜視”子場有11個義位,“閱讀”子場有13個義位,“望”子場有19個義位,“仰視”子場有5個義位；“mhin”基本義場有5個義位,“nhin ky”子場有21個義位,“dom”子場有10個義位,“l(fā)iec”子場有4個義位,“doc”子場有3個義位,“nhin xa”子場有1個義位,“nguoc”子場有2個義位；在漢語視覺感知動詞義場的“見”義場有9個義位,在越南語視覺感知動詞義場的“thay”義場有2個義位。 其對應(yīng)義場中的義位還存在著義位對應(yīng)、義位部分對應(yīng)、義位空缺3種形式。區(qū)別性的語義特征決定了這種對應(yīng)或差異。通過對比研究,我們共已找到漢越“視覺動作動詞義場”中的22組義位對應(yīng)及2組義位部分對應(yīng),漢越“視覺感知動詞義場”中的2組義位對應(yīng),在越南語中空缺的47個漢語義位和在漢語中空缺的1個越南語義位。 第四章：越南學生漢語視覺行為動詞的使用情況 這部分主要研究越南學生使用漢語視覺行為動詞的情況。通過調(diào)查,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分越南學生對漢語視覺行為動詞還了解不深透,因此產(chǎn)生混用。他們犯錯誤的原因主要是搭配對象不同和語義差異。
[Abstract]:The contrastive study of visual verbs between different languages is one of the topics that attract linguists. In the process of collecting and studying the data, we find the comparison of visual verbs between Vietnam and Vietnam, and the comparison of visual verbs between Chinese, Chinese, Chinese and Japanese in China, but the comparison of the visual verbs between the Vietnamese and the Vietnamese has also been studied. Therefore, the author tries to compare the semantic aspects of the Chinese and Vietnamese visual verbs, and also hopes to enrich the content of the contrastive study of Han Yue and to make up some gaps in the field of lexical semantic field through this study.
This article includes the following main contents:
The first chapter is the introduction, this article puts forward the reasons for the topic and introduces the research object and scope related to this research, the significance, the research status, and finally introduces the research methods of this paper.
The second chapter: basic questions related to visual verbs in Chinese and Vietnamese.
From the semantic point of view, we divide the visual verb system into two types: "non visual behavior verb" and "visual behavior verb". This paper mainly analyzes and compares the "visual behavior verbs" in Han Yue.
We refer to the modern Chinese dictionary, the dictionary of modern Chinese, the dictionary of Chinese teaching and learning, the dictionary of synonyms, the synonym, the lexicology of semantics, the dictionary of lexicology, the dictionary of modern Chinese, the Vietnamese dictionary, the Vietnamese dictionary and the dictionary, the Chinese dictionary, the Chinese Dictionary, and the dictionary of the Chinese dictionary, which will 105 Chinese dictionaries. The sememe of visual action verb and 46 visual verbs in Vietnamese are divided into "visual action verb meaning field" and "visual sense verb meaning field", and the meaning field of Han Yue visual action verb and Han Yue visual perception verb are further subdivided according to the distinctive semantic features of each sememe.
The representative sense of the semantic field of the Chinese visual action verb is "look". The representative sense of the semantic field of the Vietnamese visual action verb is "NHIN". On the basis of the meaning field of the Chinese visual action verb, we further subdivide the basic meaning field and the "look", "gaze", "peep", "look around", "squint", "squint", "flat look" "Reading", "looking", "looking up", "looking back", "looking down" 11 subcategories, and on the basis of the meaning field of the Vietnamese visual action verbs, are further subdivided into the 6 subfields of the basic meaning field of "NHIN" and "DOM", "liec", "Doc", "NHIN XA", "nguoc". "Look at" and "NHIN KY", "peep" and "DOM", "strabismus" and "liec", "reading" and "Doc", "Hope" and "NHIN XA", "look up" and "nguoc" as the corresponding subfields. The 5 subfields of "gaze", "look around", "look back", "look down", "look down" are the vacant meaning fields in Vietnamese language: in expressing this In some visual behavior, Chinese is expressed in verbs and Vietnamese is expressed in phrases, so it can't be compared. For example, the verb "gaze", the Vietnamese phrase "NHIN Cham Chu" to translate; the verb "look around", the Vietnamese use the phrase "NHIN xung quanh" to translate.
The representative sense of the semantic field of visual perception of Chinese is "see". The representative sense of the semantic field of visual perception verbs in Vietnamese is "thay". In the sense field of the visual perception of Han, the semantic field of "see" and "thay" are the corresponding subfields in the sense field of the visual perception of Han.
By comparing the visual behavior verbs of the Han Yue visual verbs mentioned above, we have a better understanding of the visual behavior verbs in the two languages. The basic meaning field and the lower subfield are the 5 subfields of "gaze", "look around", "flat look", "back sight" and "overlook" in the Vietnamese language, and there is a vacancy sense in the corresponding sense field of the visual behavior verb of the Han Yue.
The third chapter: the comparison of the semantic field of the visual behavior verbs of the Han and Vietnamese
Referring to the interpretation of the dictionary, we analyze the sememe in the semantic field of the visual verb of the Han Yue, and find that the semantic components of the Han Vietnamese visual acts have both commonness and differences. The shared semantic components belong to a semantic field and are distinguished by the individual semanteme.
The semantic field of the visual behavior verb of Han Yue has [visual organs] (eyes), [core semantic] (see) 2 common sememe and [action], [time], [space], [manner], [relational object], [application range], [purpose], [modality], [image], [result], [body]12 all sememe.
The semantic field of the Chinese visual behavior verb is much more than the meaning field of the Vietnamese visual action verb: there are 96 sense positions in the semantic field of the Chinese visual action verb, and there are 44 sense positions in the semantic field of the Vietnamese visual action verb. There are 4 meanings in the "look" subfield, and the subfield of "peep" has 8 meanings. There are 11 senses in the subfield of "strabismus", and there are 13 senses in the subfield of "reading". There are 19 sense positions in the "look" subfield, and there are 5 sense positions in the "look up" subfield. There are 5 sense positions in the basic sense field of "mhin", and the sub field of "NHIN KY" has 21 meanings, and the "DOM" subfield has 10 The subfield of "liec" has 4 meanings, and the subfield of "Doc" has 3 meanings, and the subfield of "NHIN XA" has 1 sense positions, and the "nguoc" subfield has 2 sense positions, and there are 9 sense positions in the sense field of visual sense of Chinese visual perception, and there are 2 sense positions in the "thay" sense field of the Vietnamese visual sense verb sense field.
There are 3 forms of semantic position corresponding to the meaning field, the partial correspondence of the sense position and the vacancy of the sense position. The difference semantic features determine the corresponding or the difference. Through the comparative study, we have found the corresponding 22 sets of sense positions corresponding to the sense field of the visual action verb of the Han Yue and the corresponding part of the 2 groups of sense positions, and the "visual perception verb" of the Han Yue. The 2 groups of semantic positions correspond to the 47 semantic positions in Vietnamese and 1 Vietnamese meanings in Chinese.
The fourth chapter: Vietnamese students' use of Chinese visual behavior verbs.
This part mainly studies the situation of Vietnamese students using Chinese visual behavior verbs. Through the investigation, we find that most Vietnamese students are not deeply aware of the Chinese visual behavior verbs, and thus produce mixed use. The main reasons for their mistakes are the different collocation objects and the semantic differences.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H136;H44

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