本文選題：《史記》 + 文學(xué)性　； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：前四史中,《史記》的虛詞使用最為出色,也最為引人注目。從最初的“三家注”本開始,《史記》的虛詞就受到人們的關(guān)注。但直到南宋時期的洪邁,才開始留意《史記》虛詞的使用與情感表達之間的關(guān)系,從而開啟了對《史記》虛詞的文學(xué)性研究。清初,吳見思的《史記論文》和牛運震的《史記評注》,是《史記》評點方面的經(jīng)典之作。他們對虛詞極為關(guān)注,在點評中,大量涉及到虛詞的使用問題,且結(jié)合著作者的情感,每每有著極為精到的見解。當代學(xué)者李長之也對《史記》的虛詞大家贊賞,而且對部分虛詞進行了精彩的論說。但是這些研究要么是流于印象式的評點,顯得支離不完；要么就是籠統(tǒng)的論說,缺乏細致、精微的分析。這就給我們的研究留下了大量的余地和空間。 空間盡管很大,然而由于虛詞本身的“空虛”性、不易把握性以及不可言傳性,研究的難度也很大。虛詞本身是十分枯燥的,但它往往與文章的內(nèi)容、作者的情感休戚相關(guān)。因此,我們要探討《史記》虛詞的文學(xué)表達效果,就必須立足文本,深深扎根于文本之中,前后打通,對全書作通盤的關(guān)照,從宏觀上把握作者對歷史人物或事件的評判立場和情感基調(diào),然后再回到具體的篇章、語境、直至我們所要考量的某一具體虛詞。經(jīng)過這樣一個從宏觀→微觀→虛詞的反復(fù)推敲、琢磨,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)司馬遷筆下的虛詞運用極為講究,他從不輕易濫用任何一個虛詞,也不肯把某一虛詞輕易加諸某人身上。每一個虛詞的運用,都體現(xiàn)著司馬遷強烈的愛憎情感,極大地增強了《史記》一書的抒情意味,這正是《史記》抒情性的一個重要方面。 本文主要從單音節(jié)虛詞、雙音節(jié)重言虛詞以及虛詞句群三個界域?qū)Α妒酚洝诽撛~運用的文學(xué)表達效果予以舉例分析。通過對一個個虛詞的精心忖度,揭示出潛藏在虛詞背后的作家的豐富的情感。全文共分三章： 第一章《史記》單音節(jié)虛詞的文學(xué)功能例說,主要探討了“矣”、“愈”“竟”、“乃”、“然”五個單音節(jié)虛詞的文學(xué)表達效果�！耙印睘檎Z末助詞,用在句子的末尾一般表感嘆。但結(jié)合具體的語境,這感嘆又有贊賞欣慰之嘆、痛惜失望之嘆、惶急驚恐之嘆、深深感喟之嘆、揶揄嘲諷之嘆等各種不同的表現(xiàn)形式�！坝薄ⅰ熬埂�、“乃”、“然”四個虛詞也同樣如此,在不同的語境中,有著不一樣的表達效果,傳達出作者不一樣的情感。然而要發(fā)現(xiàn)同一個虛詞所傳達出的情感之間細微的差別,總須我們深入文本之中細心體味下去。 第二章《史記》雙音節(jié)重言虛詞的文學(xué)功能例說,探討了“愈益”、“乃遂”、“唯獨”、“適會”、“彼其”五個雙音節(jié)重言虛詞�！坝妗苯o人以時間的流動感；“乃遂”含無限決絕之意態(tài)；“唯獨”極言范圍的小之又��；“適會”是司馬遷專意營造的極其湊巧的情景；“彼其”一詞司馬遷用得最為深情。雙音節(jié)詞和單音節(jié)詞相比,更具音樂性,也更加適合散文的節(jié)奏,使文章顯得愈加沉郁、雍容不迫。 第三章《史記》虛詞句群的文學(xué)功能例說,我們例舉了五個虛詞句群。句群是我們借來的現(xiàn)代漢語的術(shù)語,但我們的著眼點并不在句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。我們關(guān)注虛詞與虛詞之間的互應(yīng),它們之間的互應(yīng)怎樣推動著作者情感的宣泄。往往七八個虛詞的集中使用,竟凝為一種氣象、一種境界,極大地增強了文章的感染力量。這是司馬遷運用虛詞最為出采的地方。 《史記》是一座虛詞的寶庫,司馬遷是虛詞使用的“圣手”。從虛詞角度研究《史記》的文學(xué)性,我們還有很多的路要走。
[Abstract]:In the first four history, the use of the word "Shi Ji" is the most outstanding and most striking. From the beginning of the "three notes", the function words of "Shi Ji" have been paid attention to. But until the Hongmai of the Southern Song Dynasty, it began to pay attention to the relationship between the use of the "Shi Ji" and the expression of the emotion, thus opening the literary research of the "Shi Ji". In the early Qing Dynasty, Wu's "historical records" and Niu Yunzhen's records of historical records were the classic works of the historical records. They were very concerned about the function words. In the review, a great deal of the use of the function words was involved, and the author's feelings were combined with the author's feelings. The contemporary scholar Li Changzhi also praised the words of the historical records. There is a wonderful comment on some of the function words, but the research is either an impression, or a general argument, a lack of meticulous, subtle analysis. This leaves a lot of room and space for our research.
Although the space is very large, however, due to the "emptiness" of the function word itself, it is difficult to grasp and unspeakable, and the difficulty of the study is very difficult. The function of the function word itself is very boring, but it is often closely related to the content of the article and the emotion of the author. Therefore, we must discuss the effect of the literary expression of the "historical records" of the function words, and we must be based on the text and deep. Deeply rooted in the text, through the front and back, to the whole book, a general consideration, from the macro grasp of the author's judgment of historical figures or events and emotional tone, and then back to the specific text, context, until we have to consider a specific function words. We find that the function of the function word under Sima Qian's use is very particular. He never easily abuses any one of the function words, nor is it easy to add a certain word to someone. The use of each word embodies Sima Qian's strong love and hatred, which greatly strengthens the lyric meaning of the book of history, which is a heavy expression of the lyricism of the historical records. On the side.
This paper gives an example of the literary expression effect of the three boundaries of the monosyllabic function word, double syllable word function word and the function word of the function word group. Through the careful thought of a number of function words, the author reveals the rich feelings behind the function words. The full text is divided into three chapters:
In the first chapter, the literary function of the monosyllabic function words of "Shi Ji" is mainly discussed in the literary expression of "Yi", "the" "" "" "" "" "" "" "is", "" "but" "" is the final word of the five monosyllabic words. There is a sigh of panic and panic, a deep sigh, a mockery of a variety of different forms of expression. "The more", "unexpectedly", "Nai", "but" the four function words are the same, in different contexts, there are different expressions to convey the author's different emotions. However, it is necessary to find out the feelings conveyed by the same function word. Subtle differences always require us to deeply appreciate the text.
In the second chapter, the literary function of the double syllable words of the double syllables of "Shi Ji" said that the "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "is" an infinitely decisive "" "" " Sima Qian's intention to create an extremely coincidental scene; "Peter", the word Sima Qian is most affectionate, is more musicality and more suitable for the rhythm of prose than in monosyllabic words, making the article more gloomy and elegant.
The third chapter of the literary function of the syntactic group of "Shi Ji" says that we have enumerated five function word groups. Sentence groups are the terms we borrowed from modern Chinese, but our eyes are not the logical relationship between sentences and sentences. We pay attention to the mutual correspondence between the function words and the function words, and how their mutual should promote the author's emotional catharsis. The concentrated use of the seven or eight words is a kind of meteorology, a kind of realm, which greatly strengthens the power of infection of the article. This is the most important place for Sima Qian to use the function words.
Shi Ji is a treasure trove of function words. Sima Qian is the "holy hand" used in function words. There are still many ways to study the literariness of "Shi Ji" from the perspective of function words.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I207.5;H141

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本文編號：1968168