本文選題：語法 + 代詞��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：《說岳全傳》,全稱為《新增精忠演義說本岳王全傳》,成書于清代初期,作者為下層文人錢彩、金豐,是以岳飛抗金故事為題材的小說中成就最高的一部,在經(jīng)典英雄傳奇小說中占有重要地位。該書以民間說書人的底本為基礎(chǔ)編訂而成,通篇都是用說書人口氣撰寫,語言上以敘述為主,用當(dāng)時流行的白話寫成,口語色彩極濃,具有較高的語言研究價值。我們即以《說岳全傳》為語料,對該書中的代詞進行了全面系統(tǒng)的分析與研究。《說岳全傳》中共出現(xiàn)不同代詞116個。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該書中的代詞系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)出以下特點：第一,人稱代詞系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)出鮮明的現(xiàn)代漢語特征人稱代詞“我”“你”“他”在《說岳全傳》中使用頻率最高,用法與功能最完備,基本成為各自領(lǐng)域的通用形式。古漢語遺留下來的人稱代詞“吾”“爾”“汝”,以及兼有第三人稱用法的“其”和“彼”,由于使用范圍受限,在文中只有極少數(shù)用例,呈現(xiàn)衰亡趨勢。南北朝時期新興的第三人稱代詞“渠”和“伊”在文中均未出現(xiàn),可見在成書年代已基本消失于口語交際中。人稱代詞單復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)分趨于明顯,表復(fù)數(shù)的功能集中到“我們”“你們”“他們”上。文中“我們”并沒有體現(xiàn)排除式和包括式的區(qū)別,可能是受作者所用方言影響的緣故。第二,“這”“那”為主角的指示代詞系統(tǒng)基本形成�！墩f岳全傳》的指示代詞系統(tǒng)仍有少量古漢語遺留下來的指示代詞,但新興近指代詞“這”“那”產(chǎn)生的復(fù)音形式變化更多,使用范圍更廣泛,語法功能更加完備,已基本居于指示代詞系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)治地位。古漢語遺留下的指示代詞里,“此”仍在使用中,但在功能用法上受限制,值得注意的是,“此”進入近代漢語時期產(chǎn)生了一些復(fù)合形式的固定用法,如“因此”“如此”等一直沿用到現(xiàn)代漢語中。古漢語遺留的“茲、斯、是”在文中并未出現(xiàn),而“彼”僅作為仿古用法出現(xiàn)在特殊語境中,且用量極少。旁指代詞方面,“別”及其復(fù)音形式功能用法全面,仍是旁指代詞系統(tǒng)的主要部分,而新興起的旁指代詞“另”“另外”“其余”,在使用頻率上逐漸上升。逐指代詞方面,“各”及其復(fù)音形式在使用頻率上具有明顯優(yōu)勢,“每”用例略少,但二者語義分工不同：“各”側(cè)重于所指對象的個體性,而“每”側(cè)重于所指對象的共性。統(tǒng)指代詞方面,“諸”的使用最廣泛,“一切”僅出現(xiàn)一次。除統(tǒng)指代捌“一切”以外,其他指示代詞的地位和用法已與現(xiàn)代漢語基本上相同。第三,疑問代詞的系統(tǒng)化過程呈現(xiàn)復(fù)雜性特點。上古漢語遺留下來的“焉”系和“安’系疑問代詞,復(fù)音形式變化少,在句法功能、使用范圍方面受到限制,已趨于衰亡�！昂巍毕�、“那”系、“怎”系和“甚”系疑問代詞則逐漸成為近代漢語疑問代詞的主要形式,它們產(chǎn)生了大量的復(fù)音形式,語法功能更加完備,分工明確清晰�！墩f岳全傳》中的疑問代詞除了常用的詢問功能,還具備非疑問用法。如反詰、虛指、感嘆等,這與現(xiàn)代漢語中的疑問代詞用法基本一致。第四,代詞的復(fù)音化趨勢明顯�！墩f岳全傳》中復(fù)音形式代詞有82個,占代詞總數(shù)量的70.69%。指示代詞和疑問代詞的復(fù)音化趨勢最為顯著。復(fù)音形式代詞在指別或者詢問時語義更加精確,符合口語發(fā)展和社會交際的需求,體現(xiàn)出蓬勃的生命力。當(dāng)然,漢語本身的復(fù)音化趨勢也是影響代詞復(fù)音化的重要因素。
[Abstract]:"The whole biography of Yue Yue" is called "the whole biography of the king of Yue". The book was written in the early Qing Dynasty. The author is the lower literary man's money color and Jin Feng. It is the highest achievement in the novels of Yue Fei's anti gold story. It occupies an important position in the classic heroic legend. The book is made up based on the foundation of the folk storyteller. All of them are written in the tone of the storyteller, the language is mainly narrated, and the popular vernacular is written at that time. The spoken language is very strong and has a high value of language research. We have made a comprehensive and systematic analysis and study of the pronouns in the book. We have found 116 different pronouns in the total biography of Yue Yue. The pronoun system in the book presents the following characteristics: first, the personal pronoun system presents a distinct modern Chinese character pronoun "I", "I" "you" "he" is the most frequently used in the "Yue Yue", the most complete use and function, basically become the general form of their respective fields. The personal pronoun left by ancient Chinese "I" " "You" and "ru" and "it" and "Peter" with third person usage, because of limited scope of use, there are only a few use cases in the text, showing the decline trend. The new third person pronoun "canal" and "Yi" in the northern and Southern Dynasties have not appeared in the text, it can be seen that in the book age it has basically disappeared in the oral communication. Personal pronouns have been basically disappeared. The distinction between single and plural numbers tends to be obvious, and the function of the complex number of the table is concentrated on "we" "you" and "they". "We" do not reflect the difference between the exclusionary and the inclusion, which may be influenced by the dialect of the author. Second, "this" "that" is the main character of the indicator pronoun system. The word system still has a small number of demonstrative pronouns left behind in ancient Chinese, but the burgeoning near finger pronoun "it" has more complex forms, more extensive use and more complete grammatical function, which has basically residing the dominant position of the pronoun system. In the demonstrative pronoun left by ancient Chinese, "this" is still in use, but in work The use of energy is restricted, and it is worth noting that "this" has come into the modern Chinese period with a number of compound forms of fixed usage, such as "so" and "so" has been used in modern Chinese. The legacy of "Zi, Si, is" in ancient Chinese has not appeared in the text, and "Peter" only appears in the special context as an antique usage, and used in the special context. In terms of paranasal pronouns, "farewell" and its polyphony are fully functional and still the main part of the paraphoric pronoun system, while the newly rising paraphoric pronouns, "other", "other" and "other", are gradually rising in the frequency of use. There are few use cases, but the semantic division of the two is different: "each" focuses on the individuality of the object, and "each" focuses on the generality of the object. Third, the systematic process of interrogative pronoun presents complexity. The "Yan" and "Ann" are the interrogative pronouns of "Yan" and "Ann" left behind in ancient Chinese. The syntactic function and the scope of use are limited. For the main forms of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, they have produced a large number of complex forms of polyphony, the grammatical function is more complete and the division of labor is clear and clear. The interrogative pronouns in "full biography of Yue Yue" have non interrogative uses, such as rhetorical, imaginary, and exclamation, which are basically consistent with the use of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese. Fourth, There are 82 pronouns in the pronoun of the pronoun. There are 82 pronouns in the full biography of Yue Yue. The pronoun and the interrogative pronoun in the total number of pronouns are the most significant. The Polyphony pronoun is more accurate in meaning and inquiry, which is in line with the needs of oral development and social communication, and of course, it embodies a vigorous vitality. The polysyllabic trend of Chinese is also an important factor affecting the polysyllabic pronouns.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H146

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