本文選題：建議類使令語 + 建議形式及策略��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語建議類使令語是一種常見的語用行為,介于請求和要求之間,以利他性和選擇自由度為主要特征。本文以中高級漢語學(xué)習(xí)者為主要研究對象,以中國人為參照對象,通過選擇性調(diào)查、話語補充調(diào)查和個別訪談,研究了留學(xué)生漢語建議類使令語的應(yīng)用及調(diào)控情況。本文的主要內(nèi)容包括一下幾個方面： (1)梳理漢語建議類使令語的形式結(jié)構(gòu)、策略類型和功能層次 (2)總結(jié)影響漢語建議類使令語使用的情境因素,比較不同類型人群受情境因素影響的特點 (3)分析不同語言水平、不同文化背景的留學(xué)生對漢語建議類使令語的形式結(jié)構(gòu)和策略類型使用的情況 (4)分析取效調(diào)控的實質(zhì)和不同調(diào)控手段,總結(jié)行事效果的不同側(cè)面 (5)分析不同語言水平、不同文化背景的留學(xué)生對漢語建議類使令語的取效調(diào)控和行事效果情況 本文的主要成果包括： (1)情境因素對不同人群的影響有所差異,亞洲學(xué)生總體比歐美學(xué)生受影響更大,女性傾向于被“人”的因素影響,男性傾向于被“物”的因素影響。在影響使令語使用的總體程度上：主體關(guān)系事物情態(tài)心理因素。在受影響的總體程度上：亞洲女性亞洲男性歐美女性歐美男性。 (2)不同語言水平和文化背景的留學(xué)生在建議使令語的形式和策略使用上差異較大。高級學(xué)生比中級學(xué)生更準(zhǔn)確、合適,也具備一定豐富性。亞洲學(xué)生較歐美學(xué)生更傾向于用間接的方式表達(dá)建議。在整體上,留學(xué)生較中國人更傾向于表達(dá)主觀看法和描述客觀事實,對于對方的想法和潛在的結(jié)果不太在意。 (3)各種建議策略中,直接與間接策略相結(jié)合的行事效果最佳。直接策略中詢問需求、條件和意愿,間接策略中提出假設(shè)和承諾的成功率最高,最易為人接受。句類方面,陳述句和疑問句的效果好于祈使句。不同情境因素下的行為、言語和態(tài)度順應(yīng)度也有所不同。 (4)留學(xué)生使用建議使令語的行事效果一般,面對不同對象、不同環(huán)境、不同使令內(nèi)容,其成功率相差很大。多數(shù)留學(xué)生能夠在發(fā)出建議,或在溝通中進(jìn)行一定的取效調(diào)控,但調(diào)控力度掌握不佳,過度“要求化”和“請求化”的情況時有發(fā)生。語言水平的提高能在一定程度上促進(jìn)語用水平的提高。 (5)在教學(xué)建議方面,留學(xué)生希望能夠加強對常用句型和語氣語調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí),同時希望在課堂上操練提建議的日常對話,并了解中國式文化和思維方式。
[Abstract]:As a common pragmatic behavior, Chinese suggestion is a kind of pragmatic behavior, which lies between request and request, and is mainly characterized by altruism and freedom of choice. This paper takes middle and advanced Chinese learners as the main research object and Chinese as the reference object. Through selective investigation, discourse supplement investigation and individual interviews, this paper studies the application and regulation of the Chinese suggestion language for foreign students. The main contents of this article include the following: (1) combing the formal structure, strategy types and functional levels of the Chinese suggestions (2) to summarize the situational factors that influence the use of Chinese advice, and to compare the characteristics of different types of people affected by situational factors. (3) to analyze the use of the formal structure and strategy types of Chinese advice by foreign students with different language levels and different cultural backgrounds. (4) analyze the essence and different means of effective regulation, and summarize the different aspects of the effect. (5) analyzing the effect and effect of foreign students from different language levels and different cultural backgrounds on the effect of Chinese advice. The main achievements of this paper include: 1) the influence of situational factors on different population groups is different. Asian students are more affected than European and American students in general, women tend to be influenced by "human" factors, and men tend to be influenced by "things". In the general degree of influence on the use of Ling-Linguistics: the subjective relationship between things modal psychological factors. The overall extent of the impact: Asian women, Asian men, Asian women, European and American men. (2) students from different language levels and cultural backgrounds have great differences in the form and strategy of Ling language. Senior students are more accurate, appropriate and have a certain richness than intermediate students. Asian students tend to express their suggestions indirectly than European and American students. On the whole, foreign students tend to express their subjective views and describe objective facts more often than Chinese students, and they do not care much about each other's thoughts and potential results. Among the various suggested strategies, direct and indirect strategies work best. In direct strategy, demand, condition and will are asked. In indirect strategy, hypothesis and commitment are the most successful and most acceptable. In terms of sentence types, declarative and interrogative sentences are more effective than imperative sentences. The behavior, speech and attitude compliance of different situational factors are different. 4) the use of advice by foreign students makes the effect of Ling language average, and the success rate varies greatly in the face of different objects, different environments and different contents. Most foreign students can make some effective adjustment and control in the course of giving out suggestions or communicating, but the control force is not good, and excessive "demand" and "request" occur from time to time. To a certain extent, the improvement of language proficiency can promote the improvement of pragmatic level. In the aspect of teaching advice, the foreign students hope to strengthen the study of common sentence patterns and tone and intonation, and practice the daily dialogue of advice in class, and understand the Chinese culture and mode of thinking.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H195.3

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