本文選題：《勸哭經》 + 異體字��； 參考：《中央民族大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：《勸哭經》是彝族喪祭文獻《哭靈經》中的一種,是在彝族傳統(tǒng)喪葬的勸哭儀式上,由畢摩念誦的,用以引導參加者悼念亡靈、哭訴不舍之情并勸解亡者親屬節(jié)哀的經文。念誦《勸哭經》的勸哭儀式一般是在祭祀的第二天晚上舉行。彝族喪祭儀式中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)是轉場,轉場儀式結束之后,便舉行勸哭儀式,勸哭儀式結束后,即是“接福祿”儀式。因此,勸哭儀式在整個喪祭程序上是比較重要的。 《勸哭經》的經文,在修辭、生死觀、民俗及文字學等方面都有其獨有的價值。本文將在譯注經文的基礎上,從文字使用的具體情況著手進行分析,以期探求彝文的用字面貌。 本文中的譯注部分主要是通過查閱彝文字典及參考已有的翻譯成果以完成初步對譯工作。在此基礎上通過向多位彝學專家請教難點以完成精譯經文。 在盡量反映原文內容與語言特點的翻譯基礎上,本文進一步深入分析《勸哭經》的用字情況。由于用字與造字緊密相連,故先全面分析彝文的造字之法。關于彝文的造字之法,前輩彝學專家和學者們已經做了較為深入的探索,但眾說紛紜,各家觀點不相一致。本文在綜合分析前人對彝文造字法的總結、歸納成果之后,認為彝文的造字法可以基本概括為象形、指事、會意、形聲、轉位這5種造字法。而且大多數(shù)彝文集中于象形、指事這兩種造字法上。 彝文的用字法,是指在具體運用彝文中所形成的特殊使用規(guī)律。主要包括異體、通假和代字符號。彝文中,出現(xiàn)異體現(xiàn)象的原因有：一是造字之初,所采用的方法不同,造成同一字的形體表現(xiàn)形式不同；二是造字時,雖然都采用同一造字法,但對同一事物所獲取的形象不同,創(chuàng)造的文字形體也不同；三是各地區(qū)彝語的語音不同導致有表音構件的彝文形體不同；四是畢摩在抄寫經書時,.常常改筆以保持神秘感的習俗導致字形異體；五是畢摩個人的書寫風格和審美觀點不同；六是古今文字的演變差異,圖畫性和符號性的傾向性不同。從總體上來看,雖然異體字為學習者帶來負擔,不利于閱讀,但卻有利于文字探源和鑒定版本。 《勸哭經》的文字使用中出現(xiàn)了大量借字現(xiàn)象。細究這些借字現(xiàn)象,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)都是屬于本有其字而不用,因此這種用字情況屬于通假的范疇。綜合分析《勸哭經》中的通假運用情況,可發(fā)現(xiàn)彝文的通假基本可以分為同音通假、近音通假和這兩種類型。 《勸哭經》中還多次出現(xiàn)代字符號。這些代字符號多數(shù)是代替形容詞,以增強修飾程度。
[Abstract]:The cry sutra is one of the documents of the mourning sacrifice of the Yi people, which is read by Bimo at the traditional funeral ceremony of Yi people, which is used to guide the participants to mourn the dead, cry out their feelings and exhort the relatives of the deceased to mourn. The cry-urging ceremony of chanting cry sutras is usually held on the second night of sacrifice. The most important part of the funeral ceremony of the Yi nationality is to turn around. After the ceremony, the crying ceremony is held, and after the ceremony is over, it is the ceremony of "receiving Fu Lu". Therefore, the crying ceremony is more important in the whole procedure of mourning. The sutras sutra has its unique value in rhetoric, outlook on life and death, folklore and philology. On the basis of the translation of the scriptures, this paper analyzes the specific situation of the use of the characters in the Yi language in order to find out the features of the characters used in the Yi language. The translation part of this paper is mainly by consulting the Yi dictionary and referring to the existing translation results to complete the preliminary translation work. On this basis, to complete the translation of scriptures by consulting many Yi experts. Based on the translation of the original text and linguistic features, this paper makes a further analysis of the use of the words in the Sutra. Because of the close connection between characters and characters, the method of making characters in Yi language is analyzed in an all-round way. The experts and scholars of Yi studies have made deep exploration on the method of creating characters in Yi language, but there are different opinions and different opinions. After synthetically analyzing the former people's summary of the Yi character making method, the author thinks that the Yi character making method can be summarized into five kinds of character making methods: pictograph, meaning, understanding, shape sound and transposition. And most of the Yi language is concentrated in pictographs, referring to these two ways of making characters. The use of Yi characters refers to the special rules of use formed in the specific use of Yi language. Mainly includes allogeneic, pass false and substitute character symbol. In the Yi language, the reasons for the phenomenon of heterogeneity are as follows: first, the different methods used at the beginning of making characters, which result in different forms of form of the same character; and second, when the characters are constructed, although the same method of making characters is used, But the image of the same thing is different, the creation of the character form is also different; third, the different pronunciation of the Yi language leads to the different form of the Yi language with phonetic components; fourth, Bimo is copying the scriptures and books. The custom of changing the pen to keep the mystery often leads to the zigzag heterogeneity; fifthly, the personal writing style and aesthetic viewpoint of Bimo are different; sixth, the evolution of ancient and modern characters is different, and the tendency of drawing and symbolism is different. On the whole, although heteromorphic characters bring burden to learners and are not conducive to reading, they are beneficial to the exploration and identification of text versions. A large number of borrowed characters appeared in the use of the words. If we look at these borrowing phenomena, we will find that they belong to the category of false characters. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the usage of false communication in the Sutra of persuasion, it can be found that the Yi language can be divided into two types: homophonic, near-phonetic and false. There are many modern symbols in the cry sutra. Most of these substitution symbols replace adjectives to enhance the degree of modification.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H217

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