發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-21 01:05

  本文選題：印刷漢字 + 漢字規(guī)范�。� 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：印刷漢字是近代漢字的重要組成部分,屬于楷字范疇。印刷漢字的研究?jī)r(jià)值首先是其在漢字規(guī)范領(lǐng)域所起到的作用,即一般認(rèn)為的“印刷體總還可以作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用的”。此看法流于主觀。只有將印刷漢字放到漢字規(guī)范的視野之下,分析二者關(guān)系,厘清其中問題,才能充分發(fā)掘印刷漢字的價(jià)值,完善近代漢字的研究體系。 漢字規(guī)范須具有官方背景。以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),唐代為開成石經(jīng)；五代十國時(shí)期亦為開成石經(jīng)；宋代為宋本《玉篇》、《類篇》、《集韻》、《廣韻》所構(gòu)成的體系；明代為《洪武正韻》；清代為《康熙字典》。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以一代漢字規(guī)范為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分析一代所抽樣印刷字形的正俗,由此得到每一件印刷漢字的俗字率。之后,根據(jù)俗字率依次分析唐、五代十國、北宋、南宋、明、清六代印刷漢字與漢字規(guī)范之間的具體關(guān)系。最后進(jìn)行整體總結(jié),得到兩個(gè)主要結(jié)論： 第一,嚴(yán)格說來,只有五代十國時(shí)期刻印“九經(jīng)”以及建國后頒布《印刷通用漢字字形表》之后的印刷漢字在一定程度上可被當(dāng)作漢字規(guī)范；寬松來說,北宋、南宋的監(jiān)本書籍由國家最高教育機(jī)構(gòu)刊刻,俗字率普遍非常低,基本上也可以代表國家的漢字規(guī)范；至于明、清的監(jiān)本,則不盡然。古代的活字印刷漢字俗字率參差不齊,也不能作為漢字規(guī)范,不過它在技術(shù)手段層面上促進(jìn)了印刷漢字與漢字規(guī)范的合流。 第二,印刷漢字在漢字規(guī)范傳播與定型的過程中,起到了很大作用。五代十國時(shí)期刻印“九經(jīng)”,促使了唐代所形成的漢字規(guī)范定型,基本確立了以后各代漢字規(guī)范的基本面貌。明代《洪武正韻》吸收了一些適于雕版印刷的字形,將之作為漢字規(guī)范。后來,這些字形與明代中后期形成的印刷宋體字合流。這種局面為清代《康熙字典》所繼承,最終導(dǎo)致了漢字體系的一次轉(zhuǎn)型：由原來手寫漢字為主導(dǎo)的漢字體系轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭謱憹h字體系與印刷體漢字體系并存的格局。這對(duì)之后的漢字規(guī)范乃至漢字整體的發(fā)展都產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。
[Abstract]:Printing Chinese characters is an important part of modern Chinese characters, belonging to the category of block characters. The research value of printed Chinese characters is, first of all, the role it plays in the field of Chinese character norms, that is, "printing can always be used as standard". This view is subjective. Only by putting printed Chinese characters under the vision of Chinese character norms, analyzing the relationship between them and clarifying the problems among them, can the value of printed Chinese characters be fully explored and the research system of modern Chinese characters be perfected. The specification of Chinese characters must have an official background. According to this standard, the Tang Dynasty is composed of stone scriptures; the five dynasties and ten kingdoms are also composed of stone scriptures; the Song Dynasty is composed of Song Ben < jade articles >, < class articles >, < collection rhyme >, < wide rhyme >; Ming Dynasty is "Hongwu Zhengyun"; Qing Dynasty is "Kangxi Dictionary". On the basis of this, the standard of Chinese characters is taken as the standard, and the common character rate of each printed Chinese character is obtained by analyzing the orthodoxy of the Chinese characters sampled by one generation. Then, according to the rate of common characters, the paper analyzes the concrete relationship between the printing Chinese characters and the norms of Chinese characters in the Tang, five dynasties, the Northern Song, the Southern Song, the Ming and the Qing dynasties. Finally, two main conclusions are obtained: First, strictly speaking, only the printing of the Nine Classics in the five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the publication of the print General Chinese characters form after the founding of the people's Republic of China can be regarded as Chinese characters to a certain extent; loosely speaking, the Northern Song Dynasty, The supervision books of the Southern Song Dynasty were printed by the country's highest educational institutions, and the vulgar character rate was generally very low, and basically it could also represent the Chinese characters of the country. As for the supervision of the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was not quite the case. In ancient times, the rate of Chinese characters in Chinese character is not uniform, and it can not be used as Chinese character standard, but it promotes the combination of printed Chinese character and Chinese character standard on the level of technical means. Second, printed Chinese characters play a great role in the process of Chinese character normative dissemination and finalization. The engraving of Nine Classics during the five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms prompted the Chinese character norm formed in the Tang Dynasty to be finalized, and basically established the basic features of the Chinese character norms of the later generations. Hongwu Zhengyun in Ming Dynasty absorbs some characters suitable for engraving printing. Later, these glyph formed with the late Ming Dynasty, the formation of the Chinese characters in the Song-style confluence. This situation was inherited by the Kangxi Dictionary in the Qing Dynasty, and finally led to a transformation of the Chinese character system: the Chinese character system, which was dominated by the original handwritten Chinese characters, was transformed into the coexistence of the handwritten Chinese character system and the printed Chinese character system. This has a certain impact on the development of Chinese character norms and even the overall development of Chinese characters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H123

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本文編號(hào)：1917032