本文選題：否定極性 + 副詞��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：副詞一直是漢語研究中的熱點和難點問題�，F(xiàn)代漢語否定極性副詞作為漢語副詞的一個特殊的類別,近年來也受到許多學(xué)者的特別關(guān)注。其原因在于,否定極性副詞在語法、語義和語用方面都存在其特殊性,在共時和歷時上都具有極高的研究價值。因此,需要對其進行系統(tǒng)深入的探討。本文分為五個章節(jié)： 第一章是緒論部分,介紹現(xiàn)代漢語否定極性副詞作為選題的緣由；回顧和概述以往現(xiàn)代漢語否定極性副詞研究的基本狀況,指出研究中還存在的問題；并介紹本文的研究方法和語料來源。 第二章主要是對現(xiàn)代漢語否定極性副詞進行界定,指出否定極性副詞是指強制性或傾向性地要求用于否定的語言環(huán)境的副詞,并確定現(xiàn)代漢語中的28個否定極性副詞。 第三章詳細分析了現(xiàn)代漢語否定極性副詞的特征。句法特征主要表現(xiàn)為三個方面：首先,現(xiàn)代漢語否定極性副詞在功能上具有單一性,只能充任狀語成分。其次,從修飾成分范圍看,這類副詞都可以作為動修副詞使用,但位于句首時其修飾成分范圍上存在差異。第三,在成分組合上必須與否定標(biāo)記共現(xiàn),且對否定標(biāo)記有選擇性；從共現(xiàn)次序上看,否定極性副詞基本符合“否定極性副詞否定標(biāo)記”這一共現(xiàn)規(guī)則,只有“一概”、“截然”和“絕然”存在例外的情況；從否定極性副詞和謂詞成分的位置關(guān)系上看,它們都是附謂副詞。語義特征主要表現(xiàn)為三個方面：首先,該類詞語的詞匯意義已經(jīng)弱化或虛化；其次,該類詞語在語義上往往表達一種極性意義；第三,該類副詞可以加強否定語義級次；第四,在語義指向上其共同特征為指后、指向句內(nèi)。語用特征主要表現(xiàn)為兩個方面：首先,該類詞語具有加強主觀態(tài)度評價的功能；此外,該類副詞還具加強否定語氣、提高否定凸顯性的功能。 第四章研究了現(xiàn)代漢語中部分可以用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)的否定極性副詞,現(xiàn)代漢語中的否定極性副詞與英語中的否定極性副詞存在不同,它們在一定條件下可以用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu),這種條件主要表現(xiàn)在四個方面：第一,否定極性副詞與含“隱形否定語義”的動詞共現(xiàn)；第二,否定極性副詞與其他詞語形成固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)；第三,否定極性副詞與動詞“是”、“有”、助動詞“要”連用,動詞前可有副詞“就”“都”等修飾；第四,否定極性副詞與特定副詞如“就”、“都”、“只”連用。從原因上分析,這些肯定用例的出現(xiàn)與語言的動態(tài)性和語言使用的個體差異性有關(guān)。此外,這類副詞在不同結(jié)構(gòu)中在語體選擇上存在差異。 第五章是小結(jié)部分,對本文的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論進行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Adverbs have always been a hot and difficult problem in Chinese research. As a special category of Chinese adverbs, modern Chinese negative polar adverbs have been paid special attention by many scholars in recent years. The reason lies in the fact that negative polar adverbs have their particularities in grammar, semantics and pragmatics, and have high research value in synchronic and diachronic aspects. Therefore, it needs to be systematically and deeply discussed. This paper is divided into five chapters: The first chapter is the introduction part, introduces the reason why the negative polar adverbs are chosen in modern Chinese, reviews and summarizes the basic situation of the previous researches on the negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese, and points out the problems in the research. It also introduces the research methods and data sources of this paper. The second chapter mainly defines the negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese, pointing out that the negative polar adverbs are the adverbs that are used in the negative language environment and 28 negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of negative polarity adverbs in modern Chinese. The syntactic features are mainly expressed in three aspects: firstly, the negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese have single function and can only be used as adverbial components. Secondly, from the range of modifiers, these adverbs can be used as verb-modifying adverbs, but at the beginning of sentences, there are differences in the scope of modifiers. Thirdly, the composition must be coexisting with the negative marker, and the negative marker is selective. From the co-occurrence order, the negative polar adverb basically conforms to the "negative polar adverb negative marker". There are exceptions to "absolute" and "absolute", and they are all appended adverbs from the point of view of the position relationship between negative polar adverbs and predicate components. Semantic features are mainly manifested in three aspects: first, the lexical meaning of this kind of words has been weakened or empty; secondly, this kind of words often express a polar meaning in semantic; third, this kind of adverbs can strengthen the negative semantic level; fourth, In the semantic point of its common feature is after the point, pointing to the inside of the sentence. The pragmatic features are mainly shown in two aspects: first, this kind of words have the function of strengthening subjective attitude evaluation; in addition, these adverbs also have the function of strengthening negative mood and enhancing the salience of negation. The fourth chapter studies some negative polarity adverbs which can be used for positive structure in modern Chinese. The negative polar adverbs in modern Chinese are different from those in English, and they can be used for positive structures under certain conditions. This condition is mainly manifested in four aspects: first, negative polar adverbs co-occur with verbs containing "implicit negative semantics"; second, negative polar adverbs form a fixed collocation structure with other words; third, The negative polar adverbs are used with the verb "yes", "you", the auxiliary verb "want", the verb can be preceded by adverbs such as "du" and so on; fourthly, the negative polar adverbs are used with certain adverbs such as "just", "du", "only". From the analysis of reasons, the emergence of these positive use cases is related to the dynamics of language and the individual difference of language use. In addition, there are differences in stylistic selection between these adverbs in different structures. The fifth chapter is a summary of the main contents and conclusions of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1900185