發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-06 20:36

  本文選題：語調(diào)格局 + 焦點(diǎn)句�。� 參考：《南開大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究以語調(diào)格局理論為基礎(chǔ),從最基本的聲學(xué)參數(shù)音高、時(shí)長入手,通過起伏度和停延率,對香港粵語四位發(fā)音人三種句型五種語氣,共540個(gè)樣品句的語句、進(jìn)行全面深入地研究。根據(jù)石鋒[32]語調(diào)層級的理論,本文對香港粵語不同的語調(diào)層級進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的考察。本文以語調(diào)格局為主線,以語調(diào)層級對比的方法進(jìn)行研究。具體來說,以陳述句(自然焦點(diǎn)句)作為基本模式,無標(biāo)記疑問句及焦點(diǎn)句等為變化模式。從三個(gè)層面進(jìn)行考察分析,并與普通話相應(yīng)句型的語調(diào)進(jìn)行對比。從研究結(jié)果可以看出香港粵語陳述句、無標(biāo)記疑問句和焦點(diǎn)句的語調(diào)格局與普通話語調(diào)格局的共性和差別。主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： a)陳述句句末音節(jié)的音高是表現(xiàn)全句語氣信息的焦點(diǎn)。由于音高下傾和降階的作用,語句整體呈現(xiàn)音高下傾趨勢。句末末字通過邊界調(diào)的降低,調(diào)域的擴(kuò)展表現(xiàn)出陳述句的韻律節(jié)奏和語氣。數(shù)據(jù)表明,普通話語句調(diào)域、詞調(diào)域、字調(diào)域均比香港粵語跨度大,二者調(diào)域的最大值均在句末詞調(diào)域和末字的字調(diào)域。 b)舒聲調(diào)的陳述句四位發(fā)音人平均停延率的排序：句末句首句中(1.301.061.00)。句末詞調(diào)域、句首詞調(diào)域末字的停延率分別比平均停延率提高了30%和6%,句中詞調(diào)域末字沒有提高。男性,女性發(fā)音人停延率的排序?yàn)椋壕淠┚涫拙渲?男性句末,句首停延率分別比平均停延率提高了24%和6%，，句中沒有提高。女性句末,句首停延率分別比平均停延率提高了36%和6%,句中沒有提高。句末詞調(diào)域末字音高的顯著提高和調(diào)域的擴(kuò)展,時(shí)長的延長是香港粵語陳述句語調(diào)格局的重要特征。 c)香港粵語無標(biāo)記疑問句以句末末字音高的提高,調(diào)域的擴(kuò)展,時(shí)長的延長來表達(dá)疑問語氣。正像趙元任論及的上升的結(jié)尾調(diào)并不影響整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的語調(diào)型式,只影響最后一個(gè)音節(jié)里的濁音部分。其本身并無音位,要寄生在最后一個(gè)語位上。疑問語調(diào)先把降調(diào)或平調(diào)單字調(diào)的音高和調(diào)形進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),以疑問語調(diào)的音高和調(diào)型輸出。如果原來是升調(diào)的末字,前段重合疊加,后段聲調(diào)的斜率上升。最后一個(gè)音節(jié)的字調(diào)和語調(diào)完全融為一體。從10個(gè)音節(jié)音高的起伏曲線來看,發(fā)現(xiàn)句首收斂準(zhǔn)備,逐漸緩慢上升,從第8和第9個(gè)音節(jié)的音高開始上升,末字不是孤立地突然上升。這也是符合生理及能量釋放規(guī)律的。不同的聲調(diào),疑問語調(diào)提高的幅度不同。男性舒聲調(diào)末字比左邊相鄰音節(jié)的音高提高了43%,女性提高了49.5%。低調(diào)值的末字提高的較多,高調(diào)值的末字提高的較少。句末末字時(shí)長的延長是疑問語氣的重要標(biāo)志,6個(gè)舒聲調(diào)末字的停延率從1.36到1.69均有顯著延長。舒聲調(diào)句末末字停延率比左側(cè)相鄰音節(jié)的停延率延長了0.54,絕對時(shí)長平均延長了132毫秒,比相應(yīng)陳述句平均絕對時(shí)長延長了57毫秒。 d)香港粵語和普通話,均以自然焦點(diǎn)句(陳述句),句首、句中和句末不同位置的焦點(diǎn)句作為對比標(biāo)量。香港粵語舒聲調(diào)四種焦點(diǎn)句焦點(diǎn)詞調(diào)域音高百分比的排序：句末焦點(diǎn)句首焦點(diǎn)自然焦點(diǎn)句中焦點(diǎn)(84757166)。普通話四種焦點(diǎn)句詞調(diào)域的排序：句首焦點(diǎn)句中焦點(diǎn)句末焦點(diǎn)自然焦點(diǎn)(94897761)。普通話句首焦點(diǎn)詞調(diào)域最寬,自然焦點(diǎn)句句末詞調(diào)域最窄。香港粵語則是句末焦點(diǎn)句句末詞調(diào)域最寬,句中焦點(diǎn)詞調(diào)域最窄,二者焦點(diǎn)詞調(diào)域的表現(xiàn)完全不同。從對比中發(fā)現(xiàn),粵語句末詞調(diào)域比普通話寬7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。普通話句首焦點(diǎn)句的句首詞調(diào)域比香港粵語句首詞調(diào)域?qū)?9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。香港粵語和普通話四種焦點(diǎn)句詞調(diào)域音高的對比有兩點(diǎn)差別：(1)香港粵語句末焦點(diǎn)句的詞調(diào)域最寬,普通話句首焦點(diǎn)句的詞調(diào)域最寬。香港粵語自然焦點(diǎn)句、句末焦點(diǎn)句的句末詞調(diào)域比普通話寬。(2)普通話句首焦點(diǎn)句、句中焦點(diǎn)句所在的焦點(diǎn)詞調(diào)域發(fā)生了最大化擴(kuò)展,焦點(diǎn)后音高驟降,調(diào)域大幅度壓縮。香港粵語沒有這些特征。這一特點(diǎn)與Chen,S.W.,Wang,B.,＆Xu,Y.和王玲、王蓓等研究的結(jié)論一致。即漢語普通話及印歐語系中大部分語言焦點(diǎn)詞調(diào)域最大化擴(kuò)展,焦點(diǎn)后音高驟降,調(diào)域壓縮。這與普通話長期與滿語蒙語接觸受阿爾泰語系的影響有關(guān)。臺(tái)灣的國語、閩南話,德昂語布雷方言,香港粵語均無這些特點(diǎn),可能與語言類型有關(guān)。 香港粵語和普通話的時(shí)長均以自然焦點(diǎn)句(陳述句),句首、句中和句末不同位置的焦點(diǎn)為對比參量。香港粵語舒聲調(diào)四位發(fā)音人四種焦點(diǎn)句焦點(diǎn)詞調(diào)域停延率的排序?yàn)椋壕淠┙裹c(diǎn)句首焦點(diǎn)句中焦點(diǎn)自然焦點(diǎn)(1.141.111.101.06)。普通話10位發(fā)音人四種焦點(diǎn)詞停延率的排序?yàn)椋壕淠┙裹c(diǎn)句首焦點(diǎn)句中焦點(diǎn)自然焦點(diǎn)(1.101.081.041.03)。香港粵語和普通話四種焦點(diǎn)句焦點(diǎn)詞時(shí)長的順序相同,證明同類型焦點(diǎn)句具有相同的韻律特征。香港粵語和普通話強(qiáng)調(diào)焦點(diǎn)句焦點(diǎn)詞都發(fā)生了延長,同類焦點(diǎn)句焦點(diǎn)詞延長的百分比順序相同。
[Abstract]:This study, based on the tone pattern theory, starts with the most basic acoustic pitch and time length, through the fluctuation and the stopping rate, makes a thorough and thorough study of the three sentence patterns of four Cantonese Cantonese in Hongkong and Cantonese, with a total of 540 sentence patterns. According to the theory of the stone front [32] tone level, the different languages of Hongkong Cantonese are made in this paper. This paper takes the tone pattern as the main line and makes a study of the tone level contrast method. In particular, it takes the declarative sentence (Natural Focus sentence) as the basic model, the unmarked question sentence and the focus sentence as the changing mode. The analysis is carried out from three levels, and the intonation of the corresponding sentence patterns in Putonghua is carried out. From the results of the study, we can see the similarities and differences between the intonation patterns of Hongkong Cantonese declarative sentences, unmarked interrogative sentences and focus sentences and the pattern of Putonghua intonation. The main innovations are as follows:
A) stated that the pitch of the sentence at the end of the sentence is the focus of the expression of the full sentence tone information. Due to the effect of the pitch down and order reduction, the sentence overall presents the downward trend of the pitch. The end of the sentence is reduced by the boundary tone, and the extension of the area shows the rhythmic rhythm and tone of the declarative sentence. Hongkong has a large span of Cantonese, and the maximum value of the two domains is at the end of the sentence and the tone area of the last word.
B) the order of the average stopping rate of the four pronouns in the statement sentence of the sounding tone: the end sentence of the sentence (1.301.061.00). The end of the sentence region of the sentence, the stopping rate of the end of the sentence is increased by 30% and 6%, respectively, and the end of the phrase in the sentence is not improved. At the end of the sentence, the rate of sentence head stopping rate increased by 24% and 6% respectively, and the sentence was not raised in the sentence. At the end of the sentence, the rate of sentence head stopping rate increased by 36% and 6%, and the sentence was not raised in the sentence. The significant improvement of the pitch of the end of the sentence at the end of the sentence and the extension of the range and the lengthening of the time length were the important features of the intonation pattern of Hongkong Cantonese.
C) Hongkong Cantonese unmarked interrogative sentences, with the elevation of the end of the end of the sentence, the extension of the tune, the lengthening of the time to express the interrogative mood, just like the rising ending of Zhao Yuanren's argument does not affect the tone pattern of the whole structure and only affects the voiced part of the last syllable. It itself has no phoneme, and is to be parasitized on the last language. The intonation of interrogative intonation regulates the pitch and shape of the tone of the lower or flat tone in the tone of the interrogative tone. If it is the last word of the tone, the front segment overlaps and the slope of the later tone rises. The tone and tone of the last syllable are completely integrated. From the fluctuation curve of the 10 syllable pitch, the discovery sentence is found. The first convergence, gradually rising, began to rise slowly from the pitch of the eighth and ninth syllables, and the last word was not suddenly rising in isolation. It was also in line with the laws of physiological and energy release. Different tones, the interrogative intonation increased by 43%, and the height of the male tone was 43% higher than that of the left contiguous syllable, and the female raised the lower 49.5%.. The end word of the value is raised more, and the end character of the high key is less. The lengthening of the end of the sentence is an important symbol of the interrogative mood. The stopping rate of the 6 sounding words has been greatly extended from 1.36 to 1.69. The stopping rate of the end of the sentence at the end of the sentence is longer than that of the left contiguous syllable by 0.54, and the absolute length lengthened by 132 milli. The second time is 57 milliseconds longer than the average absolute duration of the corresponding statement.
D) Hongkong Cantonese and Putonghua, both in the natural focus sentence (declarative sentence), in the first, and at the end of the sentence at the end of the sentence, as the contrast scalar. The ranking of the pitch percentage in the focus area of the four focus sentences in Hongkong Cantonese, the focus of the first focus of the sentence at the end of the sentence (84757166). The four focus sentences in Putonghua. Ranking is the natural focus of the focus of the focus sentence in the first focus sentence of the sentence (94897761). The first focus area of the Putonghua sentence is the most wide, and the end of the sentence of the natural focus sentence is the narrowest. The Hongkong Cantonese is the most wide area of the end focus sentence in the end of the sentence, the narrowest area of the focus in the sentence, the two focus area of the focus is completely different. From the contrast, the end of the Cantonese sentence is found. The tonal area is 7 percentage points wider than that of Mandarin. The first focus sentence of the first sentence of the Putonghua sentence is 19 percentage points wider than the Hongkong Cantonese sentence. There are two differences in the contrast of the pitch of the four focus sentences in Hongkong Cantonese and Putonghua: (1) the most wide range of the focus sentences at the end of the Hongkong Cantonese sentence, the most common in the first focus sentence of the Putonghua sentence. Hongkong Cantonese natural focus sentence, the end focus sentence of the end of the sentence is wider than Putonghua. (2) the first focus sentence of the Putonghua sentence, the focus sentence of the focus sentence in the sentence is maximized, the pitch falls suddenly, and the region is greatly compressed. There are no features in Hongkong Cantonese. This feature is with Chen, S.W., Wang, B., X u, Y. and Wang Ling, The conclusion of Wang Bei and other studies is consistent. That is, most of the language focus areas of Mandarin and Indo European languages are maximized, the pitch drops and the area is compressed after the focus. This is related to the influence of the Altai language system on the long term contact with the Manchu language in Mandarin, Taiwan, Minnan dialect and Hongkong Cantonese. Point, may be related to the type of language.
The time length of Hongkong Cantonese and Putonghua are both natural focus sentence (declarative sentence), first sentence, and the focus of different positions at the end of sentence and sentence at the end of the sentence. The ranking of the stopping rate of four focus sentences in the four pronouns in Hongkong Cantonese is as follows: the focus of the first focus sentence at the end of the sentence focus sentence (1.141.111.101.06). The 10 position of Putonghua. The ordering of the four focus words of the four focus words is: the focus of the focus sentence in the end of the sentence focus sentence (1.101.081.041.03). The order of the focus words of the four focus sentences in Hongkong Cantonese and Putonghua is the same, which proves that the same type of prosodic feature is found in the same type of focus sentence. Both Hongkong Cantonese and Putonghua emphasize the focus of the focus sentence. The same percentage of the focus words in the same focus sentence is extended.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H178

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