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句法歧義的韻律聲學(xué)表現(xiàn)初探

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-05-04 08:05

  本文選題:韻律特征 + 句法歧義; 參考:《上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文


【摘要】:本文運(yùn)用實(shí)驗(yàn)語(yǔ)音學(xué)的方法,從講話(huà)者角度研究了四類(lèi)句法歧義消歧時(shí)的韻律表現(xiàn)。研究的對(duì)象包括動(dòng)賓/偏正類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)歧義、并列/偏正類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)歧義和偏正、主謂類(lèi)層次切分歧義。筆者從現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)中精心挑選各類(lèi)型歧義短語(yǔ)若干個(gè),將它們放置在不同的上下文中,請(qǐng)四位長(zhǎng)期使用普通話(huà)的發(fā)音人在自然狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行朗讀。然后逐個(gè)分析歧義短語(yǔ)在不同語(yǔ)境下的韻律特征,并運(yùn)用語(yǔ)音學(xué)相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行分析解釋。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1.影響歧義短語(yǔ)內(nèi)部各音節(jié)相對(duì)時(shí)長(zhǎng)的因素有很多種,包括歧義短語(yǔ)本身包含的音節(jié)數(shù),歧義短語(yǔ)在句中的位置,短語(yǔ)中各音節(jié)的聲調(diào)以及各音節(jié)包含的音素?cái)?shù)等。這些因素決定了特定歧義短語(yǔ)內(nèi)部音節(jié)之間的相對(duì)時(shí)長(zhǎng)關(guān)系,且這種時(shí)長(zhǎng)關(guān)系不會(huì)因?yàn)榘l(fā)音人采用時(shí)長(zhǎng)策略消歧而輕易改變。2.動(dòng)賓/偏正類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)歧義在表達(dá)不同語(yǔ)義時(shí)表現(xiàn)出不同的時(shí)長(zhǎng)特征,但這種時(shí)長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)還不具有顯著規(guī)律,只能說(shuō)是具有一種傾向性。音高特征對(duì)這類(lèi)歧義的消歧作用更有效一些,主要手段是在語(yǔ)法重音或語(yǔ)義焦點(diǎn)上擴(kuò)大調(diào)域和抬高基頻。相比之下,時(shí)長(zhǎng)和音高特征對(duì)并列/偏正類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)歧義的消歧作用比較明顯,但不同發(fā)音人之間并沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出非常一致的目標(biāo)點(diǎn)。3.對(duì)由不同層次切分可能造成的歧義,發(fā)音人均能使用時(shí)長(zhǎng)和音高特征進(jìn)行有效消歧。消歧策略主要有三種:一種是延長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)法層次邊界前音節(jié)或前兩音節(jié)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)并在邊界處設(shè)置音高重置以造成停頓感知,,從而達(dá)到在連續(xù)語(yǔ)流中形成層次切分的目的。另一種是通過(guò)提示語(yǔ)法重音來(lái)達(dá)到在語(yǔ)流中形成層次切分的目的,主要手段是延長(zhǎng)某些語(yǔ)法重音的時(shí)長(zhǎng)或抬高基頻。第三種策略是發(fā)音人根據(jù)自己的理解強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)義焦點(diǎn),從而使歧義句的不同語(yǔ)義選擇得以區(qū)分。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the prosody performance of four kinds of syntactic ambiguity disambiguation from the perspective of the speaker by means of experimental phonetics. The research objects include verb-object / positive-class structure ambiguity, paratactic / positive-class structure ambiguity and bias, subject-predicate class hierarchy segmentation ambiguity. The author carefully selects a number of ambiguous phrases from the existing literature and places them in different contexts. Four speakers who have been using Putonghua for a long time are asked to read aloud in a natural state. Then, the prosodic characteristics of ambiguous phrases in different contexts are analyzed one by one, and the relevant theories of phonetics are used to explain them. The study found that 1: 1. There are many factors affecting the relative duration of each syllable in the ambiguous phrase, including the number of syllables contained in the ambiguous phrase, the position of the ambiguous phrase in the sentence, the tone of each syllable in the phrase and the phonological prime number contained in each syllable. These factors determine the relative length of time between syllables in a given ambiguous phrase, and this relationship will not change easily because the speaker adopts a time-length strategy to disambiguate. Verb-object / positive-class ambiguity shows different characteristics of time length when expressing different semantics, but this kind of long expression has not a significant rule, but it can only be said to have a tendency. Pitch features play a more effective role in disambiguation of this kind of ambiguity. The main means are to expand the tone domain and raise the fundamental frequency in the grammatical stress or semantic focus. In contrast, the disambiguation effect of time length and pitch on paratactic / orthotropic structure ambiguity is obvious, but there is no very consistent target point. 3. For possible ambiguity caused by different levels of segmentation, the speaker can effectively disambiguate by using duration and pitch features. There are three main disambiguation strategies: one is to extend the duration of the preceding syllable or the first two syllables at the grammatical level boundary and to set the pitch reset at the boundary to cause pause perception so as to achieve the purpose of hierarchical segmentation in the continuous speech flow. The other is to achieve the purpose of hierarchical segmentation in the flow by prompting the grammatical stress. The main means is to extend the duration of some grammatical stresses or to raise the fundamental frequency. The third strategy is to emphasize the semantic focus according to one's own understanding, so that the different semantic choices of ambiguous sentences can be distinguished.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:H116;H146.3

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