本文選題：小句 + IP分析法　； 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),英漢小句成為國(guó)內(nèi)外語(yǔ)言學(xué)家研究的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),致力于研究漢語(yǔ)小句和英語(yǔ)小句的學(xué)者不勝枚舉。然而,將二者結(jié)合、對(duì)比分析其異同的研究并不多見(jiàn)。 本文首先從小句的界定、分類找到英漢小句的異同點(diǎn)。英漢小句都是具有主謂關(guān)系、缺乏時(shí)態(tài)特征的語(yǔ)法范疇；根據(jù)小句謂詞的詞性,英漢小句都可以分為形容詞性小句、名詞性小句、介詞性小句以及動(dòng)詞性小句。然而,漢語(yǔ)小句是動(dòng)態(tài)單位,包含語(yǔ)調(diào)；英語(yǔ)小句是靜態(tài)單位,不包含語(yǔ)調(diào)。語(yǔ)調(diào)是區(qū)別漢語(yǔ)小句的關(guān)鍵因素。 隨后,通過(guò)綜述國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)英漢小句句法范疇的分析,如Stowell的XP分析法,Radford和Rothstein的SC分析法,Aarts和Culicover的IP分析法,周敏的TP分析法等,歸納總結(jié)出IP分析法可以同時(shí)解決英語(yǔ)小句和漢語(yǔ)小句的語(yǔ)法范疇問(wèn)題。本文在Culicover的分析基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為英漢小句是以一個(gè)弱的隱性屈折詞I(defective inflection)為中心的最大投射。 為了分析小句的生成,本文用到了題元理論、格理論、X-階標(biāo)理論、動(dòng)詞殼理論以及VP內(nèi)部主語(yǔ)假設(shè)理論。根據(jù)題元理論,本文認(rèn)為小句作為一個(gè)整體得到了主句動(dòng)詞賦予的題元角色,小句的謂語(yǔ)賦予小句主語(yǔ)題元角色。根據(jù)VP內(nèi)部主語(yǔ)假設(shè)和謂語(yǔ)賦予主語(yǔ)題元角色的原則,本文認(rèn)為小句的主語(yǔ)在小句謂詞XP內(nèi)部生成,為了獲取格而提升到IP或IP的標(biāo)志語(yǔ)位置。 最后,論文重點(diǎn)對(duì)比分析了ECM結(jié)構(gòu)、SVOC結(jié)構(gòu)、提升結(jié)構(gòu)和雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)中英漢小句的生成過(guò)程。大多數(shù)情況下,英漢小句的生成過(guò)程相似甚至相同。然而,在SVOC結(jié)構(gòu)中,漢語(yǔ)小句的生成與英語(yǔ)小句存在些微不同。在結(jié)果性小句和描述性結(jié)構(gòu)中,漢語(yǔ)小句的謂詞與主句動(dòng)詞合并成復(fù)合動(dòng)詞,共同作用于整個(gè)句子,不過(guò)依然可以用IP分析法解釋其生成過(guò)程。 本文從小句的界定、語(yǔ)法范疇和生成等方面尋找英漢小句的共同點(diǎn),說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)本質(zhì)上具有某些共同特征,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了Chomsky的生成語(yǔ)法是普遍語(yǔ)法。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, English and Chinese clauses have become a focus of linguists at home and abroad, and there are too many scholars devoted to Chinese clauses and English clauses. However, the combination of the two, comparative analysis of their similarities and differences are rare. Firstly, this paper finds the similarities and differences between English and Chinese clauses from the definition and classification of clauses. Both English and Chinese clauses are grammatical categories with subject-predicate relationship and lack of tenses. According to the predicates of clauses, English and Chinese clauses can be divided into adjective clauses, noun clauses, prepositional clauses and verb clauses. However, Chinese clauses are dynamic units that contain intonation; English clauses are static units and do not contain intonation. Intonation is the key factor in distinguishing Chinese clauses. Then, by summarizing the analysis of English and Chinese sentence categories by domestic and foreign scholars, such as Stowell's XP analysis, Rothstein's SC analysis, Culicover's IP analysis, Zhou Min's TP analysis, etc. It is concluded that IP analysis can solve the grammatical category problems of both English clauses and Chinese clauses. Based on the analysis of Culicover, this paper holds that English and Chinese clauses are the largest projection centered on a weak implicit inflection word I(defective inflection. In order to analyze the generation of clauses, this paper uses the theory of question meta-theory, the theory of case theory, the theory of verb shell and the theory of VP's internal subject hypothesis. According to the theory of question element, this paper holds that clause as a whole has the role of subject element given by the verb of the subject sentence, and the predicate of clause sentence gives the subject element role of the clause sentence. According to the assumption of VP's internal subject and the principle that the predicate endows the subject with the role of the subject, this paper holds that the subject of the clause is generated within the predicate XP of the clause and is promoted to the position of IP or the marker of IP in order to obtain the case. Finally, the thesis focuses on the comparative analysis of the generation process of English and Chinese clauses in ECM structure, lifting structure and double object structure. In most cases, English and Chinese clauses are generated in the same or even the same way. However, in the SVOC structure, the generation of Chinese clauses is slightly different from that of English clauses. In the resultant clause and descriptive structure, the predicate of Chinese clause and the verb of main sentence are combined to form compound verb, which acts on the whole sentence together, but it can still be explained by IP method. This paper explores the common features of English and Chinese clauses in terms of the definition, grammatical category and generation of clauses, explains that the language structure has some common features, and further proves that the generative grammar of Chomsky is a universal grammar.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146;H314

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