英漢兒童早期否定誤用現(xiàn)象對比研究
本文選題:說英語兒童 + 說漢語兒童; 參考:《長沙理工大學》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:對否定的習得是兒童語言習得中很重要的一個方面,兒童對否定意義的理解很早,兒童早在一歲半時就習得了否定范疇的概念,在獨詞句階段,幼兒對自己不喜歡的玩具、食物、人等就學會了拒絕,比如哭叫、擺手、扭身、搖頭等,但否定標記的使用則至少出現(xiàn)在雙詞句階段(大多數(shù)兒童為一歲零六個月左右)。雙詞句階段到四周歲期間,受語言輸入因素的影響,很多兒童在使用否定標記時出現(xiàn)種種有規(guī)律的誤用現(xiàn)象,這是兒童早期否定習得過程中的一個有趣的現(xiàn)象。 本課題運用個案跟蹤調查法、實驗研究法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法、文獻資料法,對長期跟蹤調查的兩名說漢語兒童MHR(01;03;26-05;04;26)和ZHZ(00;10;19-05;07;09)語料中選取59個對稱觀察點,將兒童早期否定誤用的情況分為三類:分工誤用、句法誤用和語義誤用,并對兒童早期否定誤用的總體情況,對各類誤用的始現(xiàn)時間、頻率和特征進行研究。對來自Brown語料庫的ADA(02;03;04-05;02;12)和SAR(02;03;05-05;00;10)兩名說英語兒童的語料進行同上分析;同時對說漢語兒童和說英語兒童的否定誤用情況進行跨語言對比研究,探討其早期否定誤用現(xiàn)象的相似性和差異性,并分析其形成原因。 研究結果表明:(1)兒童早在一歲半時就習得了否定范疇的概念,且“不”早于“沒(有)”習得;雖然否定的初現(xiàn)時間存在個體差異,但他們對不同否定詞的習得順序是一致的。(2)兒童在否定詞使用過程中,否定詞“不”的使用頻率都明顯高于“沒(有)”的使用頻率。(3)兒童在早期否定習得過程中存在語言誤用現(xiàn)象;“沒有”的使用正確率高于“不”。(4)兒童否定誤用有章可循,其主要誤用類型有分工誤用、句法誤用和語義誤用三大類。在誤用頻率方面,語用誤用大于句法誤用和分工誤用。(5)兒童否定標記的誤用以2歲半為界點,,2歲半前一半為位置及分工錯誤;2歲半后一般為句式或語氣搭配等更復雜的誤用。 兒童否定誤用的發(fā)展與兒童的年齡、認知能力、語言復雜性、語言輸入差異和輸入頻率有關。
[Abstract]:The acquisition of negation is an important aspect of children's language acquisition. Children understand the meaning of negation very early. Children have learned the concept of negative category as early as one and a half years. In the single phrase stage, children learn to reject the toys, food and people they do not like, such as crying, shaking hands, twisting and shaking their heads, but negating the mark. The use of the words is at least in the two phrase phrase stage (most children are about 06 months of the age of one year). During the period of two words to the age of four, many children appear to be misused regularly when they are influenced by language input factors, which are an interesting phenomenon in the process of early childhood negative acquisition.
This subject uses case tracking investigation, experimental research, mathematical statistics, and documentation, and selects 59 symmetrical observation points in the language of two Chinese children, MHR (01; 03; 26-05; 04; 26) and ZHZ (00; 10; 19-05; 07; 09) in the long-term tracking survey, and divides the children's early negative misuses into three categories: Division of labor, syntactic misuse and semantics Misuse, and the overall situation of early denial of misuse of children, research on the time, frequency and characteristics of all kinds of misuse. Brown corpus of ADA (02; 03; 04-05; 02; 12) and SAR (02; 03; 05-05; 00; 10) two words of English children are analyzed in the same analysis; and the negative misuse of Chinese children and English speaking children Cross language comparative study is conducted to explore the similarities and differences of early negative misuse and analyze the reasons for its formation.
The results show that: (1) children have learned the concept of negative category as early as one and a half years, and "no" earlier than "no" acquisition; although there are individual differences in the initial time of negation, they are consistent in the acquisition order of different negative words. (2) the frequency of the use of negative words "no" is clear in the process of the use of words for children. The frequency of use of "no" is significantly higher than that of "no". (3) there is a phenomenon of language misuse in children's early negative acquisition; the use of "no" is more correct than "no". (4) children's negative misuse is written in three categories: misuse of labor, syntactic misuse and semantic misuse. In the frequency of misuse, pragmatic misuse is greater than Syntactic misuse and division of labor misuse. (5) the misuse of children's negative markers is 2 and a half year and a half as the boundary point, 2 and a half year and half years are wrong in position and division of labor; after 2 and a half years, it is usually more complex misuse, such as sentence pattern or tone collocation.
The development of children's negative misuse is related to children's age, cognitive ability, language complexity, language input difference and input frequency.
【學位授予單位】:長沙理工大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:H319;H193.1
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