本文選題：全譯 + 化　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：全譯求化機(jī)制論,以考察全譯及其屬性為起點,以解讀錢鐘書的“化(境)”為切入點,以小句中樞說和小句中樞全譯說為理論基點,以漢英對比為參照點,以幾個大型語料庫和自建的全譯語料庫中為支撐點,嘗試建立完整、客觀、可操作、能驗證的全譯求化機(jī)制體系。全文遵循“三個充分”(觀察充分、描述充分、解釋充分)的研究要求,按照兩個三角(“表—里—值”小三角和“語—思—文”大三角)的研究思路,通過論證全譯的本質(zhì)——化,揭示全譯的核心——求化,探究全譯求化的關(guān)鍵——求化機(jī)制,著重闡述7種單一機(jī)制的內(nèi)涵、外延、理據(jù)、類型及其組合能力和概率,挖掘57種組合機(jī)制在實際運用中的傾向性規(guī)律。全譯求化機(jī)制體系的建立,將豐富錢鐘書的“化境”翻譯思想,推動全譯理論的深入研究,深化翻譯共性問題的探討,指導(dǎo)譯學(xué)方法論建設(shè),為全譯實踐、全譯教學(xué)(包括外語專業(yè)的漢外互譯教學(xué)和對外漢語專業(yè)的翻譯教學(xué))、譯文評估、機(jī)器翻譯提供理論幫助和語料支撐。 全文分為五章：第一章為緒論,第二至四章為正文,第二章為第三、四章作鋪墊,第三章為全文的核心,第四章為次重點,第五章為結(jié)論。 第一章為緒論,介紹本研究的選題緣由,對國內(nèi)“化(境)”研究、國內(nèi)外全譯轉(zhuǎn)換研究進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)綜述,指出本文的研究內(nèi)容、方法、意義,并對整個研究框架作出說明。 第二章闡述全譯的本質(zhì)及核心。先從全譯的定義入手,在闡明全譯活動的主體、客體、工具、目的和屬性之后,指出全譯求似律決定全譯行為必須遵循的三大原則,即：語用價值第一、語里意義第二、語表形式第三。然后考察全譯微觀活動的三個階段,即：原語理解、語際轉(zhuǎn)化、譯語表達(dá),提出全譯活動操作于以小句為中軸,語素、詞、短語、復(fù)句、句群和語篇為脈絡(luò)的全譯單位體系。通過“化”的文字學(xué)原解、哲學(xué)通解、美學(xué)專解和錢鐘書自解,賦予譯學(xué)新解,詳論“化”體現(xiàn)為全譯本質(zhì)的五大特征,進(jìn)而指出全譯的核心是求化,求化的關(guān)鍵是建立求化機(jī)制體系。 第三章考察全譯求化7種單一機(jī)制。全譯求化單一機(jī)制的建立和運用必須遵循全譯的三大原則,以完整再現(xiàn)原文的語用價值和準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)其語里意義為目的,力圖改變或保留原文的語表形式。全章七節(jié)在逐一考察7種求化單一機(jī)制的內(nèi)涵、外延、理據(jù)之后,以語料庫中的全譯事實為依據(jù),著重闡述每種機(jī)制及其次類的操作過程和方式。 等化機(jī)制的運用理據(jù)主要是：原語和譯語具有極強(qiáng)的文化互文性和兼容性,原語和譯語具有相同或近似的思維方式,原語和譯語的表達(dá)順序與思維順序同構(gòu),符合語言表達(dá)中的像似性規(guī)律。其操作原則是對形等義同值,多操作于小句及以下語言單位,主要包括五種類型：詞等化、短語等化、小句等化、復(fù)句等化和句群等化。 繁化機(jī)制的理據(jù)在于：中西文化背景的差異,中西思維方式的差異,漢英語言文字系統(tǒng)的差異,后者又體現(xiàn)在：運用語言形式的差異,傳達(dá)語里意義的差異,反映語用價值的差異。等化機(jī)制的操作原則是繁形不添義不增值,主要操作手段是增添,傾向多用于漢譯英,主要包括四種類型：語素繁化、詞繁化、短語繁化和小句繁化。 簡化機(jī)制的理據(jù)跟繁化機(jī)制相同,但操作方式相反,其操作原則是簡形不損義不貶值,主要操作手段是刪減,傾向多用于英譯漢,主要包括四種類型：語素簡化、詞簡化、短語簡化和小句簡化。 移化機(jī)制是因譯語結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)規(guī)范之需而對原語單位進(jìn)行位置移動,其操作原則是移形不易意不變值,主要包括三種類型：原形移化即零翻譯,主要是指原語中詞和縮略語的移化；有形移化即移位,其理據(jù)是中西不同的思維認(rèn)知方式導(dǎo)致兩種語言在語序和表達(dá)方式上的差異,包括語素移位、詞移位、成分移位、復(fù)句的分句移位四個次類；無形移化即引中,運用理據(jù)在于：人類思維的相通,人類語言的共性,原語和譯語的詞語處于相同或近似的語言環(huán)境,譯語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣和規(guī)范,包括四個次類：專業(yè)化引申、普通化引申、具體化引申和抽象化引中。 換化機(jī)制是應(yīng)語值再現(xiàn)和語里傳達(dá)之需而進(jìn)行的雙語語表形式的互相交換,操作原則是換形不改意不動值,按照雙語單位互換的不同角度和層面,可分為六種類型：詞類換化、成分換化、句類換化、動靜換化、正反換化和主被換化。每種換化類型的內(nèi)涵、外延和理據(jù)不同,在次級類型上有所不同,有時存在交叉或重疊,如詞類換化和成分換化、動靜換化和主被換化。 分化機(jī)制的理據(jù)在于：漢英兩種語言類型的差異及其體現(xiàn)在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別、漢民族與英美民族不同的思維方式、邏輯思維轉(zhuǎn)換的規(guī)律,其操作原則是分形不斷義不損值,采取化整為零的手段和拆分的策略,傾向多用于英譯漢,主要包括四種類型：詞分化、短語分化、小句分化和復(fù)句分化。 合化機(jī)制的理據(jù)與分化機(jī)制相同,但操作手段相反,原則是合形不漏義不變值,采取化零為整的手段和融合的策略,傾向多用于漢譯英,主要包括四種類型：短語合化、小句合化、復(fù)句合化和句群合化。 第四章考察全譯求化組合機(jī)制。采用個案研究的形式,通過對四篇公共演講稿口譯實例的調(diào)查和統(tǒng)計,逐一闡述57種組合機(jī)制的具體操作。通過統(tǒng)計與分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)五類組合機(jī)制按照類型數(shù)量依次排序為：三合機(jī)制(20種)二合機(jī)制=四合機(jī)制(15種)五合機(jī)制(6種)六合機(jī)制(1種),按照運用頻率依次排序為：三合機(jī)制(148例)四合機(jī)制(122例)二合機(jī)制(73例)五合機(jī)制(53例)六合機(jī)制(18例)。可見,機(jī)制組合的數(shù)量越多,要求越高,難度越大,頻率就低；2)由于每種單一機(jī)制的運用頻率和組合能力不同,相互之間的組合關(guān)系有別,各種組合機(jī)制在相應(yīng)類別中的運用頻率呈現(xiàn)不平衡性。 第五章為結(jié)論,總結(jié)全文的五個基本觀點,指出現(xiàn)存的不足以及后續(xù)研究的努力方向。
[Abstract]:Complete translation mechanism theory, to study translation and its attributes as the starting point, to the interpretation of Qian Zhongshu's "(border)" as the breakthrough point, to small and small central central sentences to complete translation as the basic theory, the comparison between Chinese and English as a reference point, in order to complete translation of several large corpus corpus and the as a supporting point, try to establish a complete, objective, operational, can verify the complete translation mechanism system. Followed by the "three full" (full observation, full description, explain fully) research requirements, in accordance with the two triangle ("form, value" and "small triangle - Thinking - language the" triangle) research method, through the essence of Argumentation -- complete translation, complete translation, revealing the core, explore the key complete translation of seeking mechanism, focuses on the connotation, mechanism of 7 kinds of single extension, motivation, types and combinations and probability, the combination of 57 kinds of mining in the mechanism Law of tendency of the practical application. Complete translation for the establishment of mechanism system, will enrich Qian Zhongshu's "sublimation" translation thoughts, promote the further research of translation theory, study on deepening the construction of methodology of translation universals, guiding translation studies, complete translation practice, translation teaching (including Chinese foreign language translation teaching professional and professional foreign language translation teaching, translation evaluation), to provide theoretical support and help the corpus of Machine Translation.
This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is the introduction, the second chapter to the four chapter is the main body, to pave the way for the second chapter is the third, fourth chapter, the third chapter is the core of this thesis, the fourth chapter is the key, the fifth chapter is the conclusion.
The first chapter is the introduction, introduces the research background of this paper, the domestic "(border) of domestic and foreign translation conversion research literature review, points out the research content, the method, significance, and explain the whole research framework.
The second chapter expounds the essence and core of the whole translation. From the definition of translation, in the main, it is the object of translation activities, tools, purpose and property, pointed out three principles, complete translation law like decision translation behavior must follow the pragmatic value of the first language in second language. Table third. Three stages, then study the translation activities of micro comprehension, interlingual translation, translation of language expression, put forward the whole translation operation in the clause as the central axis, morpheme, word, phrase, sentence, sentence and discourse context as the unit of complete translation system. Through the "" text of the original solution, general solution and special philosophy, Qian Zhongshu's aesthetics from the solution, given new translation, discant "" embodies five characteristics of complete translation essence, and it is pointed out that the core of complete translation is to seek for the key, is to establish a mechanism for the system.
The third chapter examines the complete translation of 7 kinds of single mechanism. Complete translation: establishment and application of three principles of translation of a single mechanism, with a complete reproduction of the pragmatic value of the original and accurately convey its meaning for the purpose of trying to change or retain the original form. The whole chapter in section seven one by one study of 7 kinds of mechanism for single connotation, extension, motivation, to complete translation facts in the corpus as the basis, focuses on the process and mode of operation of each mechanism and sub categories.
The use of the mechanism of motivation is mainly: the source language and the target language has strong cultural intertextuality and compatibility, the source language and the target language have the same or similar way of thinking, the source language and the target language expression sequence and thinking order isomorphism, consistent with the expression of language iconicity rules. Its operating principle is to - meaning the same value, multi operation in the clause and the following language units, mainly include five types: words, phrases, sentences and other small, complex sentences and sentence groups and so on.
Propagation mechanism: the reason is that the difference between Chinese and Western cultures, the differences between Chinese and Western thinking mode, the differences between Chinese and English language system, which is reflected in: using different forms of language, convey differences meaning, reflect the differences in pragmatic value. Other mechanisms operating principle is not Tim Yi Fan not added, the main operation method is added, tendency for translation, mainly include four types: simplify complex morpheme, word, phrase and clause complex propagation.
A simplified mechanism rationale with the same propagation mechanism, but its mode of operation on the contrary, the principle is not simply loss righteousness not depreciate, the main operation method is used for deletion, tendency of English Chinese translation, mainly includes four types: morpheme word phrase simplified simplified simplified simplified and clause.
Shift mechanism is due to the target structure and the need to regulate expression of primitive units for mobile location, its operating principle is not easy transitional invariable, mainly include three types: the original shift of the zero translation, mainly refers to the original words and abbreviations shift; shift of tangible shift. The rationale is that the different mode of cognition leads to differences between the two languages in the word order and the way of expression, including morpheme word shift, shift, shift components, complex clauses shift four categories; namely intangible shift of the citation, the reason is that: through the use of human thinking, the universality of human languages, source and target words in the same or similar language environment, expression of the target language habits and norms, including four categories: professional extension, common extension, specific extension and abstraction cited.
Transfer mechanism should be pragmatic value representation and language exchange to convey the bilingual language form, the principle is to change shape does not change the meaning of real value, in accordance with the bilingual unit swap different angles and levels, can be divided into six types: lexical category change, change of composition, sentence category change, change and change of movement, and the main change. For each type of connotation, extension and motivation is different in different sub types, sometimes there are cross or overlap, such as lexical category change and component change, dynamic change and the main change.
The reason is that the differentiation mechanism: the differences between Chinese and English two language types and reflects the difference in the syntactic structure, different Chinese and Western thinking, logical thinking switching rules, its operating principle is fractal constantly righteousness not loss value, take the means and split strategy to break up the whole into parts, used for translation tendency the Han Dynasty, mainly include four types: word phrase differentiation, differentiation, differentiation and differentiation of small sentence sentence.
Of the same motivation mechanism and differentiation mechanism, but the operation means is not contrary to the principle of invariable leakage shape righteousness, take the means and gather parts into a whole integration strategy, tendency for Chinese English translation, mainly include four types: the phrase of the clause of the complex sentence, and sentence, combination group.
The fourth chapter examines the complete translation of the combination mechanism. Using case study, through four pieces of public speech interpretation case investigation and statistics, the specific operation one by one combination of 57 kinds of mechanism. Through statistical analysis found that: 1) five kinds of combination mechanism according to the type of the number of order: three mechanism (20 a two = four) mechanism mechanism (15) five (6) Liuhe mechanism mechanism (1 species), according to the use frequency of order: three mechanism (148 cases) four mechanism (122 cases) two mechanism (73 cases) five (53 cases) Liuhe mechanism mechanism (18 cases). The more the number of visible mechanism combination, higher demands, more difficult, the frequency is low; 2) due to the use of frequency and combination ability of every single mechanism in different combination, the relationship between different mechanisms using various combinations of frequency in the corresponding category was unbalanced.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion, summarizes the five basic points of view, pointing out the existing problems and future research direction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H315.9;H087

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 余承法;;全譯求化的三位一體原則[J];中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2014年03期

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本文編號：1759129