本文選題：“V上”與“V下”　切入點(diǎn)：對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文在對(duì)大量語料進(jìn)行考察的基礎(chǔ)上,首先根據(jù)標(biāo)記理論確定“V上”是無標(biāo)記項(xiàng),“V下”是有標(biāo)記項(xiàng),然后從歷時(shí)和共時(shí)平面上對(duì)“V上”與“V下”的對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱情況進(jìn)行描寫,并從句法、語義、語用、認(rèn)知等角度分析其產(chǎn)生不對(duì)稱的原因。 在共時(shí)平面上的方位意義上,“V上”與“V下”的不對(duì)稱主要體現(xiàn)在移動(dòng)方向(包括移動(dòng)的起終點(diǎn))與方向價(jià)上。在移動(dòng)方向上,“V上”與“V下”雖都可以表示橫向移動(dòng)與縱向移動(dòng)但是存在一些差異；“V上”后的賓語只能是表終點(diǎn)的處所賓語,而“V下”后的賓語既可以是表終點(diǎn)的處所賓語也可以是表起點(diǎn)的。在方向價(jià)上,“V上”位移句中“V上”與“V下”都分為單價(jià)“V上”、雙價(jià)“V上”和三價(jià)“V上”三類,雖然方向價(jià)的數(shù)目相同,但是各方向價(jià)內(nèi)部存在一些差異。本文認(rèn)為其不對(duì)稱是由于語言內(nèi)部的制約(主要是受“V上/下”中V的制約)、語言的凸凹原則、終端焦點(diǎn)化及標(biāo)記顛倒的共同作用。 在共時(shí)平面的非方位意義上,考察了“V上”與“V下”在結(jié)果義、狀態(tài)義和語氣義上的對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱性。結(jié)果義上,“V上”分為接觸義、出現(xiàn)義、完成義、容納義,達(dá)到義、合攏義,“V下”分為脫離義、出現(xiàn)義、完成義、容納義,在脫離義、出現(xiàn)義與完成義上這兩結(jié)構(gòu)既存在對(duì)稱的現(xiàn)象又存在不對(duì)稱的現(xiàn)象,在容納義上基本對(duì)稱,而“V下”沒有“V上”的達(dá)到義以及合攏義；狀態(tài)義上,適合“V上”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞遠(yuǎn)多于“V下”；語氣義上,只有“V上”有語氣義,“V下”沒有。本文從認(rèn)知上的原型效應(yīng)、隱喻理論、意象圖式以及語用上的樂觀原則、禮貌原則與文化心理上進(jìn)行解釋。 在歷時(shí)平面上對(duì)四個(gè)時(shí)期的“V上”與“V下”的使用情況進(jìn)行描寫,得出“V上”有些義項(xiàng)的產(chǎn)生(橫向上移動(dòng)的方位義、出現(xiàn)義與狀態(tài)義上)以及“V上”語法化時(shí)間要早于“V下”,語法化程度也高于“V下”。這些不對(duì)稱也是共時(shí)平面上一些不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的歷時(shí)原因。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of a large number of corpus, this paper first determines that "V" is an unmarked term, "under V" is a marked term, and then describes the symmetry and asymmetry between "V" and "V" from the diachronic and synchronic plane. The causes of asymmetry are analyzed from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive perspectives. In the azimuth sense of the synchronic plane, the asymmetry between "V" and "V" is mainly reflected in the direction of movement (including the starting point of movement) and the directional price. In the direction of movement, "on V" and "under V" can both represent transverse direction. Moving and moving longitudinally, but there are some differences; the object after "V" can only be the place object at the end of the table. And the object after "V" can be either the place object or the starting point. In the directional price, the "V" and "V" in the "V" displacement sentence can be divided into three categories: "V", "V" and "V", and the "V" and "V" are classified into three categories: "V", "V", "V", "V" and "V", respectively. Although the number of directional valence is the same, there are some differences within each directional price. This paper holds that the asymmetry of the directional valence is due to the internal constraints of language (mainly by V in "V up / down", the convex and concave principle of language. The joint action of terminal focus and label reversal. In the non-azimuth sense of synchronic plane, the symmetry and asymmetry between "V" and "V" in result meaning, state meaning and tone meaning are investigated. "under V" is divided into two parts: secession, appearance, completion, inclusion, and so on. The two structures have both symmetrical and asymmetric phenomena in the sense of separation, appearance and completion, and are basically symmetrical in the sense of inclusion. However, "V" has no "on" meaning and close meaning; "V" structure is more suitable for "V" structure than "V" in state sense; "V" has mood meaning only "V" has mood meaning, "V" is not "under V". This paper is based on cognitive prototype effect, metaphor theory, and so on. Image schema and pragmatic optimistic principle, politeness principle and cultural psychological explanation. The use of "V" and "V" in four periods are described on the diachronic plane, and some meanings of "V" are obtained. The grammaticalization time of "V" is earlier than that of "V", and the grammaticalization degree is higher than that of "V". These asymmetries are also the diachronic causes of some asymmetries in the synchronic plane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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