本文選題：副詞　切入點(diǎn)：句法功能　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：劉鶚《老殘游記》是晚清譴責(zé)小說(shuō)的代表作,也是后人借以認(rèn)識(shí)清末社會(huì)的一部審美化的歷史檔案。它不但是中國(guó)文學(xué)史上的寶貴遺產(chǎn),而且也是研究漢語(yǔ)詞匯史的重要材料。 本文以《老殘游記》中的副詞為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)其副詞的全面調(diào)查與分析,詳盡描寫各類副詞的來(lái)源及發(fā)展演變狀況,從而管窺晚清時(shí)期漢語(yǔ)副詞的基本面貌和時(shí)代特征,以期為進(jìn)一步研究晚清時(shí)期及整個(gè)漢語(yǔ)副詞系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展演變奠定必要的基礎(chǔ),為漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法史研究提供參考。 本文采用描寫與解釋相結(jié)合,共時(shí)研究與歷時(shí)研究相結(jié)合,定量分析與定性分析相結(jié)合以及比較研究等研究方法,運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法理論和前人的研究成果,對(duì)《老殘游記》中出現(xiàn)的515個(gè)副詞的使用頻率、語(yǔ)法功能、語(yǔ)義指向、共現(xiàn)順序等方面作出詳細(xì)描寫和闡釋。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),《老殘游記》中的副詞大都是漢語(yǔ)中的常用詞,但有些意義和用法既不同于先秦兩漢,又不同于現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ),是晚清時(shí)期特有的意義和用法,具有重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值,值得全面清理和深入分析。本文對(duì)這些特殊的副詞現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行細(xì)致描寫和理論探討,以期為全面了解近代漢語(yǔ)副詞提供晚清時(shí)期真實(shí)可靠的語(yǔ)料和研究參考,從而進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)漢語(yǔ)副詞和漢語(yǔ)詞匯史研究。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于首次對(duì)《老殘游記》中的副詞進(jìn)行全面清理,建立副詞專門語(yǔ)料庫(kù),從語(yǔ)義、句法和語(yǔ)用三個(gè)平面開展封閉研究,然后運(yùn)用認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)、語(yǔ)法化等理論探討演變動(dòng)因。 本論文由以下幾部分構(gòu)成： 第一章,緒論。主要論述副詞的定義,副詞的虛實(shí)歸屬、漢語(yǔ)副詞次類劃分的歷史回顧、漢語(yǔ)副詞與其他詞類的區(qū)分原則與標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并闡明研究緣由與意義；簡(jiǎn)要介紹《老殘游記》的內(nèi)容、作者和版本,界定《老殘游記》副詞的研究范圍；展現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)界有關(guān)副詞的研究現(xiàn)狀,確立語(yǔ)料選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、程序和操作方法,建立副詞語(yǔ)料庫(kù)等。 第二章,副詞的分類描寫。我們借鑒前賢的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),又根據(jù)自己的觀察、分析,結(jié)合《老殘游記》語(yǔ)料的實(shí)際情況,對(duì)《老殘游記》中的副詞做了比較細(xì)致的分類,列出了副詞分類總目與出現(xiàn)的頻率,有助于對(duì)《老殘游記》副詞的全面認(rèn)識(shí)。本文將所研究語(yǔ)料中的副詞分為語(yǔ)氣副詞、關(guān)聯(lián)副詞、時(shí)間副詞、頻率副詞、范圍副詞、程度副詞、否定副詞、協(xié)同副詞、重復(fù)副詞和情態(tài)副詞等十類。然后再分析《老殘游記》副詞的典型范疇和非典型范疇,目的在于更好地認(rèn)識(shí)副詞次類內(nèi)部及其相互之間功能上的關(guān)聯(lián)性和特殊性。 第三章,副詞的語(yǔ)法功能和語(yǔ)義指向分析。第一節(jié)先討論《老殘游記》中副詞的語(yǔ)法功能,發(fā)現(xiàn)近代漢語(yǔ)晚期的副詞不僅可以比較自由地修飾單個(gè)動(dòng)詞、形容詞,也可以比較自由地修飾動(dòng)詞性結(jié)構(gòu)、形容詞性結(jié)構(gòu)、少數(shù)還能修飾名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)、數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)、固定短語(yǔ)和主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)義指向分析。研究結(jié)果表明《老殘游記》副詞語(yǔ)義指向包括兩種情況：前指副詞和后指副詞。第三節(jié)探討《老殘游記》副詞的語(yǔ)法功能與語(yǔ)義指向的一致性及其原因。第四節(jié)具體討論副詞作狀語(yǔ)帶“的(地)”的情況。 第四章,副詞的獨(dú)用與連用順序。首先討論了《老殘游記》中副詞的獨(dú)用現(xiàn)象,發(fā)現(xiàn)《老殘游記》中副詞獨(dú)用的很少,僅有5個(gè)。然后研究副詞的連用順序,筆者借鑒前賢有關(guān)副詞連用順序的研究成果,總結(jié)出《老殘游記》中副詞連用的基本順序?yàn)椋赫Z(yǔ)氣副詞→關(guān)聯(lián)副詞→時(shí)間副詞→頻率副詞→范圍副詞→程度副詞→否定副詞→協(xié)同副詞→重復(fù)副詞→情態(tài)副詞。除了上述連用順序以外,還出現(xiàn)了一些變序情況,如范圍副詞→時(shí)間副詞、情態(tài)副詞→否定副詞、時(shí)間副詞→否定副詞→程度副詞等。 第五章,《老殘游記》中的副詞與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)副詞的對(duì)比。對(duì)《老殘游記》中的副詞進(jìn)行封閉性的共時(shí)描寫和開放性的歷時(shí)比較相結(jié)合的研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),《老殘游記》中的副詞在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的傳承和使用有三種情況：第一,在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中還保持沿用的副詞；第二,在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中已經(jīng)消失的副詞；第三,在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中改變用法的副詞。然后采用定量分析與定性分析相結(jié)合,進(jìn)行個(gè)案研究,具體分析《老殘游記》中的副詞在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的發(fā)展及演變情況,以共時(shí)研究為點(diǎn),以歷時(shí)研究為線,通過(guò)點(diǎn)線結(jié)合,勾勒出這些副詞從晚清以來(lái)的演變軌跡。我們側(cè)重于副詞在共時(shí)平面和歷時(shí)比較中句法功能的變化,運(yùn)用認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)、功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)等理論解釋變化現(xiàn)象背后的動(dòng)因。 結(jié)論。主要對(duì)前面的研究進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Liu e "travels of Laocan" is representative of the denunciative novels, historical archives is to recognize a human aesthetic society in late Qing Dynasty. It is not only China literary history of precious heritage, but also an important material for the study of Chinese lexical history.
The travels of Laocan < > in the adverb as the research object, through a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the adverbs, detailed description of the source and development of all kinds of adverbs, thus the basic features and characteristics of the times of Chinese adverbs in the late Qing Dynasty, in order to lay the foundation for the further development of research in the late Qing Dynasty and the whole Chinese adverb the evolution of the system, to provide reference for the study of the history of Chinese grammar.
This paper adopts the combination of description and explanation, the combination of synchronic study and diachronic research, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis and comparative research methods, research results using the grammar and the theory of predecessors, the travels of Laocan < > in the 515 adverbs use frequency, grammatical function, semantic co-occurrence. The order has made detailed description and explanation. The study found that "the travels of Laocan > adverbs in most commonly used words in Chinese, but some meaning and usage is different from the pre Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, and different from the modern Chinese, is the meaning and usage of the late Qing Dynasty, has important research value, worthy of a comprehensive clean-up and this paper in-depth analysis. The special adverb phenomenon of detailed description and theory, in order to fully understand the modern Chinese adverb to provide reliable reference data in the late Qing Dynasty and the research, and further push from A study of the history of Chinese adverbs and the history of Chinese vocabulary.
The innovation of this paper is to clean up the adverbs in the old junk travel for the first time, establish adverb special corpus, and carry out closed research from the three planes of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, and then use cognitive linguistics and grammaticalization theory to explore the driving force of evolution.
This paper is composed of the following parts:
The first chapter mainly discusses the definition, introduction. Adverbs, adverbs and adverbs belonging to the secondary category of historical review, distinguish the principles and standards of Chinese adverbs and other lexical category, and explains the reason and meaning of research; brief introduction of "travels of Laocan" content, author and version, define the scope of the study of "travels of Laocan" Adverb research status quo; show the adverb, establish the corpus selection criteria, procedures and methods of operation, to establish the corpus.
The second chapter, the classification of adverb description. We learn from the classification standard and according to their predecessors, observation, analysis, combined with the actual situation of "travels of Laocan" corpus, the "travels of Laocan > adverbs make careful classification, a list of heads with the emergence of the frequency adverbs, contribute to the overall understanding of" travels of Laocan > adverbs. This article will study the corpus of adverbs are divided into adverbs, conjunctive adverb, time adverb, frequency adverb, scope adverb, degree adverb, negative adverb, concurrent adverbs, repetition adverbs and modal adverbs in ten categories. The typical and atypical category category and analysis of "travels of Laocan > adverbs then, to better understand the internal adverb class relevance and particularity and their functions.
The third chapter, to analysis the grammatical function and semantic adverbs. The first section first discusses "travels of Laocan" adverbs of grammatical function, found in late modern Chinese adverbs can freely modify single verb, adjective, can be freely modified verb structure, adjective noun structure, but also a modification the structure, quantity structure, fixed phrases and subject predicate structure. Section second semantic orientation analysis. The research results show that the "travels of Laocan > adverb semantic orientation includes two kinds of situations: anaphoric adverbs and adverb. After the third section discusses the" consistency and reasons of grammatical function and semantic travels of Laocan > adverbs. The fourth section points to the specific discuss the adverbs with "(to)".
The fourth chapter, adverbs and adverbial order. With only the first discussed the adverbs of < > in the travels of Laocan alone with the phenomenon that "rarely travels of Laocan > adverbs used alone, only 5. And then study the adverbs used in order, according to the former relevant adverbs sequence of research results, summed up. The basic order travels of Laocan" adverbs as: modal adverb, time adverb, adverb, relevance, adverbs of frequency range adverbs, degree adverbs, negative adverbs, adverbs, adverbs, repeated cooperative modal adverbs. In addition to the connection order, also appeared in some variable order, such as range adverbs, time adverbs. Modal adverbs, negative adverbs, time adverbs, negative adverbs, adverbs of degree.
In Chapter fifth, < contrast > in the travels of Laocan adverbs and adverbs in modern Chinese. Compare the combination of "travels of Laocan > adverbs in closed synchronic description and diachronic open. The results showed that the use of inheritance and" travels of Laocan > in the adverbs in modern Chinese there are three situations: first, in modern Chinese still used adverbs; second, have disappeared in the modern Chinese adverb; third, change the usage of adverbs in modern Chinese. Then by means of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, case study, detailed analysis of "travels of Laocan > adverbs in development and the evolution in modern Chinese, based on synchronic, diachronic study in line with the combination of point and line, outlines the evolution of these adverbs from the late Qing Dynasty. We focus on the adverbs in the synchronic and diachronic comparison in the syntactic function of the variable It uses cognitive linguistics and functional linguistics to explain the motivation behind the change phenomenon.
Conclusion. A summary of the previous studies was made.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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