本文選題：南方漢語(yǔ)兒童　切入點(diǎn)：輕聲習(xí)得　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語(yǔ)是聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言，有四個(gè)聲調(diào)和一個(gè)輕聲。國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)漢語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的研究大部分是針對(duì)四個(gè)聲調(diào)而展開(kāi)(ChenKent,2009; Cheng,1973; ChuangHiki,1972;Clumeck,1980; Gao, ShiLi,2010; LiThompson,1977; ShenLin,1991; Shi,1991; Wang,1967; ZhuDodd,2000and2002; and many others)，只有寥寥幾篇是關(guān)于輕聲習(xí)得的研究(LiThompson,1977; ZhuDodd,2000)。大部分對(duì)輕聲的研究是以成人輕聲音節(jié)為研究對(duì)象，探討其聲學(xué)特征，即時(shí)長(zhǎng)，音強(qiáng)，基頻及元音音色。關(guān)于兒童輕聲習(xí)得的研究表明兒童4歲并未完全掌握輕聲。本學(xué)位論文通過(guò)對(duì)32名只講漢語(yǔ)普通話(huà)的長(zhǎng)沙幼兒園學(xué)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究，，具體探討以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題： 1)南方漢語(yǔ)兒童何時(shí)習(xí)得輕聲？ 2)對(duì)于五種典型輕聲音節(jié)，南方漢語(yǔ)兒童的習(xí)得順序是什么？ 3)南方漢語(yǔ)兒童輕聲音節(jié)有怎樣的聲學(xué)特征？ 受試者是32名只講普通話(huà)的3歲6個(gè)月至5歲6個(gè)月大的長(zhǎng)沙兒童。根據(jù)年齡受試者被分為四個(gè)組，以6個(gè)月為一年齡段。兒童在幼兒園自然環(huán)境下完成圖片命名任務(wù)�？傆�(jì)提取了1280個(gè)以輕聲音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)。用寬式國(guó)際音標(biāo)標(biāo)注語(yǔ)料。作者兩次獨(dú)立完成分音和標(biāo)注之后，之后請(qǐng)兩位漢語(yǔ)方向研究生進(jìn)行再次核對(duì)，內(nèi)部信度達(dá)93.2%，外部信度達(dá)95.1%。針對(duì)前面兩個(gè)研究問(wèn)題，本文采用了Zhu(2002)的66.7%習(xí)得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。而后以已完全習(xí)得輕聲的兒童產(chǎn)出的輕聲詞為研究對(duì)象，探索南方漢語(yǔ)兒童輕聲音節(jié)的聲學(xué)特征。本文采用對(duì)數(shù)Z-Score對(duì)基頻進(jìn)行規(guī)整，從而得出其五度值的方法。 在研究的基礎(chǔ)上主要有以下發(fā)現(xiàn)： 1)兒童在4歲6個(gè)月至5歲時(shí)已習(xí)得輕聲。 2)兒童詞匯中的5種典型輕聲音節(jié)的習(xí)順序是：疊詞以語(yǔ)氣助詞“的”結(jié)尾的詞以“個(gè)”結(jié)尾的指示詞和數(shù)詞以“子”結(jié)尾的名詞詞匯類(lèi)輕聲。 3)時(shí)長(zhǎng)，音強(qiáng)、基頻和元音音色都是輕聲的重要聲學(xué)特征。輕聲音節(jié)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)明顯比前音節(jié)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)短，但其比例不穩(wěn)定。輕聲音節(jié)的基頻曲拱隨前音節(jié)聲調(diào)而變化。輕聲音節(jié)的音強(qiáng)不一定比前音節(jié)小。兒童有元音央化現(xiàn)象但其元音格局仍然可辨。
[Abstract]:Chinese is tone language, There are four tones and one whisper. Most of the studies on Chinese tones at home and abroad are directed at four tones: ChenKent 2009; Chengwei 1973; Chuang Hikiang 1972 Clumeckn; Gao, Shili 2010; LiThompsonian 1977; ShenLin1991; Shih1991; Wangn 1967; ZhuDoddong 2000 and 2002; and many others, only a few of them are light tone acquisition studies; ZhuDoddl2000. The study of whispering is to study the adult whispering syllable. Its acoustic characteristics, namely, length of time, sound intensity, The basic frequency and vowel timbre. The study on children's acquisition of soft voice shows that the children of 4 years old do not fully master the soft voice. This dissertation investigates 32 students in Changsha kindergarten who only speak Mandarin and discusses the following three questions:. 1) when do Southern Chinese children learn to speak softly? 2) for the five typical softly syllables, what is the acquisition order of Southern Chinese children? 3) what are the acoustic characteristics of the soft syllable of Southern Chinese children? The subjects were 32 Mandarin speaking Changsha children aged 3 years, 6 months to 5 months old and 6 months old. They were divided into four groups according to their age. Six months as the age group. Children completed the task of naming pictures in kindergarten environment. A total of 1280 disyllabic syllables were extracted. The corpus was marked with wide International phonetic Alphabet. After that, two Chinese direction graduate students were asked to check again. The internal reliability reached 93.2and the external reliability reached 95.1. Aiming at the first two research questions, This paper uses the 66.7% acquisition standard of Zhuan 2002.Then, the acoustic characteristics of the soft syllable of Chinese children in southern China are explored by taking the muted words produced by children who have been fully learned as subjects. The fundamental frequency is regulated by logarithmic Z-Score in this paper. Thus, the method of obtaining the value of five degrees is obtained. On the basis of the research, the main findings are as follows:. 1) Children have learned to speak softly between the ages of 4 and 6 months and 5 years of age. 2) the customary order of the five typical softly syllable in children's vocabulary is that the words ending with "individual" and the noun words with "sub" end in the repetition word "mood auxiliary" and the noun word with "sub". 3) duration, strong tone, fundamental frequency and vowel tone are all important acoustic characteristics of soft sound. The duration of light syllable is obviously longer than that of previous syllable. But its proportion is unstable. The fundamental frequency arch of the light syllable changes with the tone of the front syllable. The intensity of the light syllable is not necessarily smaller than that of the front syllable. The children have the phenomenon of central vowel but the vowel pattern is still discernible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H193.1

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