本文選題：積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析評(píng)價(jià)理論　切入點(diǎn)：《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》和《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》　出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：媒體語(yǔ)篇作為一種社會(huì)實(shí)踐是各種意識(shí)形態(tài)和各類(lèi)政策權(quán)力相互作用的產(chǎn)物，同時(shí)也反映了不同的文化背景和政策制度，因此是話(huà)語(yǔ)分析者長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注和研究的主要對(duì)象。Martin及其同事所倡導(dǎo)的積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析理論，要在過(guò)于重視批評(píng)的批判話(huà)語(yǔ)之外建立一種積極的建構(gòu)視角來(lái)分析話(huà)語(yǔ)。由于積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析是一種新的理論，很多研究仍然局限于積極話(huà)語(yǔ)的理論知識(shí)。即使有關(guān)于新聞報(bào)道的積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析，研究的范圍也限于經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治領(lǐng)域，很少有體育新聞方面的研究，同時(shí)很多對(duì)比分析僅限于兩篇報(bào)道并不能揭示不同國(guó)家的新聞?wù)Z篇中蘊(yùn)含的意識(shí)形態(tài)。因此，本文選用《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》中關(guān)于倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的20篇報(bào)道進(jìn)行積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析對(duì)比研究，以期為積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析的發(fā)展打開(kāi)一個(gè)新的局面。 本文以Fairclough的語(yǔ)篇分析三維模式（“描寫(xiě)”—“闡釋”—“解釋”）為主要理論框架。但由于三維模式的抽象性，，研究需要借助Halliday的系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)。而本文所用到的具體分析工具是在對(duì)系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)在人際意義方面發(fā)展起來(lái)的評(píng)價(jià)理論，以此來(lái)發(fā)掘出語(yǔ)篇中可以協(xié)商的各種態(tài)度以及結(jié)合特定的社會(huì)文化背景和對(duì)外政策對(duì)話(huà)語(yǔ)層次的選擇進(jìn)行了解釋?zhuān)沂玖诵侣務(wù)Z篇中蘊(yùn)含的意識(shí)形態(tài)意義。 本文通過(guò)20篇倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)報(bào)道的積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析得出《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》和《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的相似和不同。相似點(diǎn)：《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》和《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》都給予倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)肯定，同時(shí)兩份報(bào)紙?jiān)趫?bào)道的過(guò)程中都基本遵循了新聞報(bào)道的原則，都比較客觀。不同點(diǎn)：一、通過(guò)態(tài)度系統(tǒng)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》比《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》更突出人的個(gè)性及行為，而《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》比《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》更注重情感因素。這種差異性在于不同的宗教和思維模式。二、通過(guò)介入系統(tǒng)和極差系統(tǒng)的分析得出相同的結(jié)論:由于美國(guó)和中國(guó)對(duì)外政策的不同，美國(guó)主張孤立主義和擴(kuò)張主義而中國(guó)提倡和諧共處，因此《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》比《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》更愿意容納其他立場(chǎng)。 本論文共分六章。第一章為引言，包括本論文的研究背景、目標(biāo)、意義以及文章的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)。本論文的研究目的是：1.為新聞報(bào)道積極話(huà)語(yǔ)的對(duì)比分析找到一種可行有效的方法。2.通過(guò)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)分析《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》的相似性和區(qū)別。3.分析不同產(chǎn)生的原因。第二章為文獻(xiàn)綜述。第三章闡述了用于文中積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析的理論框架：采取Fairclough的語(yǔ)篇分析三維模式為主要框架，借助評(píng)價(jià)理論為具體分析工具。在這個(gè)模型的引導(dǎo)下，第四章呈現(xiàn)具體的研究設(shè)計(jì)，包括重申研究問(wèn)題，提出研究方法、數(shù)據(jù)的收集和篩選、指出研究工具以及具體的研究步驟。第五章從評(píng)價(jià)理論的三大次系統(tǒng)——態(tài)度、介入和級(jí)差三方面進(jìn)行定量和定性分析相結(jié)合的分析方式。首先從《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》和《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的網(wǎng)頁(yè)上搜集語(yǔ)料，然后篩選出滿(mǎn)足條件的20篇報(bào)道并對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)的分析以及例子的論證，本章從宗教、思維模式以及外交政策方面總結(jié)了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》的差異。本文最后一章是對(duì)論文的總結(jié)，歸納和解釋了評(píng)價(jià)理論中三大次系統(tǒng)的分析結(jié)果，同時(shí)指出本論文中的不足之處，在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出了此研究的發(fā)展方向。 總之，本文在一套簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析方法的指導(dǎo)之下，通過(guò)對(duì)《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》和《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》中20篇新聞報(bào)道的分析和研究擴(kuò)大了積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析的研究范圍，以期為現(xiàn)行的積極話(huà)語(yǔ)分析作一個(gè)有益的補(bǔ)充。
[Abstract]:The media discourse as a social practice is the product of all kinds of ideology and various policy power interaction, but also reflects the different cultural background and policy system, so is the main object of.Martin discourse analysts long-term attention and research and his colleagues advocated positive discourse analysis theory, to construct a positive perspective based on in addition to pay too much attention to critical discourse criticism discourse analysis. Due to the positive discourse analysis is a new theory, a lot of theoretical knowledge research is still limited to positive discourse. Even if there is a positive analysis about news discourse, the research scope is limited to the economic and political fields, there is little research in sports news, and many comparative analysis of only two reports did not reveal the news discourse from different countries contained in ideology. Therefore, this paper selects the "New York Times" and " The 20 reports on the London Olympic Games in China Daily have carried out a comparative study of positive discourse analysis in order to open a new situation for the development of positive discourse analysis.
Based on the textual analysis of Fairclough 3D model ("description" and "interpretation", "explanation") as the main theoretical framework. But because the abstraction of the three-dimensional model, research needs the help of Halliday's systemic functional linguistics. The analysis tools used in this paper is in the system of functional linguistics in the interpersonal meaning of development the appraisal theory, in order to explore negotiation in discourse and combined with the specific social and cultural background and the foreign policy of the discourse understanding, revealed the news discourse contains ideological significance.
The 20 London Olympic Games positive discourse analysis of news reports that China < > and < > the daily New York Times similar and different. Similarities: < > and < > China daily New York Times have given London Olympic Games certainly, also two newspapers in the process of reporting basically followed the news principle objectively at different points: first, through the study of the attitude system of New York Times than China > < < that > daily more prominent personality and behavior of people, and China Daily > < < > than New York Times pay more attention to emotional factors. The difference lies in the different religions and thinking mode. Two, through the analysis of engagement system and range system come to the same conclusion: because the foreign policy of the United States and the United States China, advocated isolationism and expansionism and Chinese advocating harmonious coexistence, so < Chinese < > > daily than New York Times are more willing to hold other positions.
This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, including the research background, the goal and the significance, content and structure. The purpose of this paper is: 1. news reports comparing positive discourse analysis to find a feasible and effective method of.2. by the similarity and difference between the.3. analysis of the causes of differences in analysis < > and < > China New York Times daily evaluation system. The second chapter is literature review. The third chapter expounds the theoretical framework for the positive discourse analysis: a discourse analysis of Fairclough 3D model as the main framework, with the help of the evaluation theory as the analysis tool. In this model under the guidance of the fourth chapter presents the research design specific, including reiterating the research problem, puts forward the research method, data collection and screening, research tools and research pointed out the specific steps. The fifth chapter from the three subsystems of appraisal theory-- Analysis of attitude, engagement and graduation of three aspects of the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Firstly, from < > and < > Chinese daily New York Times website to collect corpus, and then screened 20 reports to meet the conditions and carries on the analysis. Through the analysis of the data and examples of evidence, this chapter from the religion. Mode of thinking and foreign policy summed up the difference < > and < > New York Times Chinese daily. The last chapter is a summary of the thesis, summarizes and explains the analysis results of the three subsystems of appraisal theory, this paper also points out the deficiencies, on this basis, put forward the development direction of this research.
In conclusion, this paper analysis the guidance in a simple and practical positive discourse, through the analysis and Research on < > and < > China daily New York Times in 20 news reports expanded the scope of the study positive discourse analysis, in order to make a useful complement to the existing positive discourse analysis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H315;H15;G212

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