發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-28 02:15

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 程度副詞 形容詞 語(yǔ)義 句法 語(yǔ)用　出處：《江西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“非�！�、“異�！�、“格外”、“分外”是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)程度副詞中使用頻率較高的一組詞。根據(jù)來(lái)源不同,我們把這組程度副詞分成兩類(lèi):“非�！�、“異�！笔怯尚稳菰~性短語(yǔ)演變而來(lái)的程度副詞;“格外”、“分外”是由名詞和方位詞“外”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)演變而來(lái)的程度副詞。一般情況下,它們可以互換使用,也不違法語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。但從語(yǔ)料考察中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩組詞在語(yǔ)義、句法、語(yǔ)用方面有著許多差異,甚至同一類(lèi)型內(nèi)部,在這三方面也存在著差異。本文從共時(shí)平面比較它們?cè)诂F(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)用方面的差異:(1)句法方面:本文從“非常”、“異常”、“格外”、“分外”修飾動(dòng)詞、修飾形容詞、修飾名詞、與否定詞共現(xiàn)、修飾動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)、修飾聯(lián)合短語(yǔ)、修飾連謂短語(yǔ)、修飾數(shù)量短語(yǔ),以及與比較結(jié)構(gòu)共現(xiàn)這幾個(gè)方面的功能,對(duì)這四個(gè)詞進(jìn)行比較分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)這四個(gè)詞在組合能力和充當(dāng)句法功能的能力均有差異。(2)語(yǔ)義方面:語(yǔ)義的差異與句法位置的差異息息相關(guān),本文對(duì)“非常”、“異�！薄ⅰ案裢狻�、“分外”在修飾一般動(dòng)詞、修飾名詞、單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句法成分(主、謂、賓)、修飾聯(lián)合短語(yǔ)、與比較結(jié)構(gòu)共現(xiàn)中這四個(gè)詞的程度副詞義和形容詞義之間的差異進(jìn)行比較分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)它們?cè)诓煌梅ㄖ斜硎静煌恼Z(yǔ)義。(3)語(yǔ)用方面:本文從語(yǔ)體色彩、情感色彩、使用頻率這三個(gè)方面比較分析“非常”、“異常”、“格外”、“分外”在語(yǔ)用方面的差異。其中“非常”傾向于口語(yǔ)中使用,而其他三個(gè)詞傾向于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中使用。“異�！眱A向于表示消極的情感色彩,而“非常”則傾向于表示積極的情感色彩,“格外”、“分外”沒(méi)有明顯的情感色彩傾向。使用頻率上,“非�！痹谶@四個(gè)詞中站絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。同時(shí),本文從歷時(shí)演變過(guò)程中去探究這些差異產(chǎn)生的原因。即現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話中“非�！薄ⅰ爱惓！薄ⅰ案裢狻�、“分外”的用法都是它們各自歷史發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,從歷時(shí)的角度看,每一種用法的存在都有它的歷史原因。
[Abstract]:"very", "unusual", "extra" and "extra" are a group of words used frequently in adverbs of degree in modern Chinese. We divide this set of degree adverbs into two categories: "extraordinary", "abnormal" is an adverb of degree derived from adjective phrases, "extra", "extra" is a degree adverb derived from phrases composed of nouns and locative words "outside". They can be used interchangeably and do not violate grammatical rules. However, we find from the corpus that there are many differences between the two groups in terms of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, even within the same type. There are also differences in these three aspects. This paper compares their semantic, grammatical and pragmatic differences in modern Chinese from the synchronic plane: from the aspects of "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional", "extra" modifier verb, modifier adjective, Modifying nouns, co-occurrence with negative words, modifying verb-object phrases, modifying joint phrases, modifying connective phrases, modifying quantitative phrases, and co-existing with comparative structures. A comparative analysis of the four words shows that there are differences in the combination ability and the ability to act as syntactic functions in the four words: the semantic differences are closely related to the differences in syntactic positions. In this paper, "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional", "extra" in modifying general verbs, modifying nouns, and acting alone as syntactic components (subject, predicate, object, modifier, modifier, etc.). The differences between the degree adverbs and adjective meanings of the four words in the comparative structure are compared and analyzed. It is found that they represent different semantics in different usages.) pragmatic aspects: this paper focuses on stylistic colors, affective colors, and affective colors. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the pragmatic differences between "very", "abnormal", "exceptional" and "extra" in the three aspects of frequency of use, in which "very" tends to be used in oral English. The other three words tend to be used in written language. "abnormal" tends to indicate negative emotional color, "very" tends to show positive emotional color, "extra" and "extra" have no obvious emotional color tendency. In terms of frequency of use, "very" has an absolute advantage in these four words. At the same time, This paper explores the causes of these differences in the course of diachronic evolution, that is, the usage of "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional" and "extraordinary" in modern Chinese mandarin is the product of their respective historical development, and from a diachronic point of view, Every usage exists for a historical reason.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H136

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本文編號(hào)：1545319