本文關(guān)鍵詞： 動(dòng)量詞 歷時(shí) 虛化　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前對(duì)于漢語量詞的研究已十分豐富,大多是從量詞的分類、量詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)、某類或某個(gè)量詞的產(chǎn)生及歷時(shí)發(fā)展等角度進(jìn)行研究。對(duì)動(dòng)量詞的研究是近代興起的,主要研究方向有動(dòng)量詞的起源和分類。近年來開始逐漸重視動(dòng)量詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配及語義分析等方面。本文通過古代文獻(xiàn)資料和文學(xué)作品,總結(jié)吸納已有的研究成果,從歷時(shí)的角度分析“過”和“次”的產(chǎn)生和歷史演變,并通過兩個(gè)詞的語法分析,研究“次”取代“過”的必然性。最后結(jié)合對(duì)外漢語中“次”的教學(xué),分析容易產(chǎn)生的問題并提出相關(guān)的教學(xué)建議。全文除引言和結(jié)語外,分為四章： 第一章,動(dòng)量詞系統(tǒng)簡介。對(duì)動(dòng)量詞的產(chǎn)生時(shí)間和分類做一個(gè)綜述。第一節(jié)通過古代文獻(xiàn)和現(xiàn)代的研究成果對(duì)漢語動(dòng)量詞的產(chǎn)生時(shí)間做一個(gè)分析。第二節(jié)簡介各家對(duì)動(dòng)量詞的不同分類方法。 第二章,“過”的歷史根源研究。第一節(jié)分析“過”由動(dòng)詞虛化為動(dòng)量詞的整個(gè)過程。動(dòng)量詞“過”最初是由動(dòng)詞“過”虛化而來,其意義也相應(yīng)地從動(dòng)詞義“度過”、“經(jīng)過”虛化為表示經(jīng)過、度過的次數(shù)。第二節(jié)分析的是動(dòng)量詞“過”的發(fā)展及消亡。至魏晉南北朝時(shí)期,“過”已經(jīng)成為在各類文獻(xiàn)資料中最常見的通用動(dòng)量詞,幾乎可以與各類動(dòng)詞相結(jié)合�！斑^”的廣泛使用反映了漢語動(dòng)量詞在一定發(fā)展階段上的面貌。經(jīng)過了南北朝的興盛,唐代“過”的使用率大大降低,呈現(xiàn)出萎縮的趨勢(shì),直到最終消亡 第三章,“次”的歷史根源研究。第一節(jié)分析“次”的產(chǎn)生及成熟。“次”在南北朝時(shí)期萌芽,當(dāng)時(shí)僅僅為一種痕跡,還沒有成為一種現(xiàn)象。在唐朝時(shí)期仍然發(fā)展緩慢,在《全唐詩》中僅有3例,大量出現(xiàn)并使用應(yīng)在宋代之后。第二節(jié)分析的是“次”取代“過”的過程及“次”在現(xiàn)代漢語中的地位。“次”取代“過”是一個(gè)漫長的過程。大量文獻(xiàn)和文學(xué)作品表明,隨著“回”、“度”等量詞在唐代對(duì)“過”造成沖擊,導(dǎo)致“過”的使用率大大降低,最終被“次”在元代完全取代并一直沿用至今。在現(xiàn)代漢語量詞體系中,“次”作為一個(gè)通用量詞被人們廣泛使用。 第四章,“次”取代“過”的必然性及對(duì)外漢語中“次”的教學(xué)。第一節(jié)是對(duì)“過”和“次”進(jìn)行語法特征分析,由此分析“次”代替“過”的必然性�！斑^”和“次”不僅有相同的地方,“次”更具備優(yōu)于“過”、更適合語言發(fā)展要求和交際需要的方面,因此才能完全取代“過”并一直沿用至今。第二節(jié)是對(duì)外漢語中“次”的教學(xué)。在對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,由于“次”是通用動(dòng)量詞,對(duì)動(dòng)詞的選擇限制小,大部分學(xué)習(xí)者都會(huì)出現(xiàn)“次”化現(xiàn)象。為此,教師應(yīng)在教學(xué)中多加注意。
[Abstract]:At present, the research on Chinese classifiers is very rich, mostly from the classification of classifiers, the structure of classifier phrases, the emergence and diachronic development of a certain category or a quantifier, etc. The research on momentum words has arisen in modern times. The main research directions are the origin and classification of momentum words. In recent years, attention has been paid to the collocation and semantic analysis of verb-quantifiers and verbs. From the diachronic point of view, this paper analyzes the emergence and historical evolution of "over" and "secondary", and studies the inevitability of "secondary" replacing "pass" through the grammatical analysis of two words. Finally, combining with the teaching of "secondary" in Chinese as a foreign language, In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters:. Chapter I, Introduction to the system of variable quantifiers. A summary of the generation time and classification of momentum words. The first section makes an analysis of the generation time of Chinese momentum words through ancient literature and modern research results. Different ways of classifying words. In the second chapter, the historical origin of "Yu" is studied. The first section analyzes the whole process of "too" from the verb to the momentum word. The verb "over" is originally formed by the verb "too". Its meaning also follows the meaning of the word "pass through", "pass through" to signify passing, The second section analyzes the development and extinction of the verb "Yue". By the time of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, "Yue" had become the most common general momentum word in all kinds of literature. Almost can be combined with all kinds of verbs. The widespread use of "Yu" reflects the appearance of Chinese momentum words at a certain stage of development. After the prosperity of the Southern and Northern dynasties, the utilization rate of "Yu" in the Tang Dynasty has been greatly reduced, showing a trend of shrinking. Until it finally dies. The first section analyzes the emergence and maturity of the "secondary". The "secondary" sprout in the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties, at that time, it was only a trace, not a phenomenon. In the Tang Dynasty, the development was still slow. There are only three cases in Poems of the whole Tang Dynasty. The second section analyzes the process of "secondary" replacing "over" and the position of "secondary" in modern Chinese. "secondary" is a long process of replacing "pass". A large number of literature and literary works show that, With the impact of quantifiers such as "Hui" and "du" on "excessive" in the Tang Dynasty, the utilization rate of "overdo" was greatly reduced. In the modern Chinese classifier system, it is widely used as a universal classifier. Chapter 4th, the inevitability of "second" to replace "pass", and the teaching of "secondary" in Chinese as a foreign language. The first section is to analyze the grammatical characteristics of "pass" and "second". This paper analyzes the inevitability of replacing "over" with "secondary". "pass" and "secondary" not only have the same place, but also have more advantages than "too", which are more suitable for language development requirements and communication needs. The second section is the teaching of "secondary" in Chinese as a foreign language. In the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, since "secondary" is a common momentum word, the choice of verbs is limited. Most learners will appear "secondary" phenomenon. Therefore, teachers should pay more attention in teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3

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