本文關(guān)鍵詞： 雙語優(yōu)勢效應 雙語者 任務轉(zhuǎn)換 內(nèi)源性準備 外源性調(diào)節(jié)　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：雙語現(xiàn)象已成為世界普遍趨勢，近十年關(guān)于雙語的研究得到普遍關(guān)注。除了對雙語者兩種語言的理解、產(chǎn)生的研究外，研究者們逐漸開始熱衷于雙語者語言經(jīng)驗與執(zhí)行功能的關(guān)系問題。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙語者在沖突解決、抑制控制等方面表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)于單語者。日常生活中雙語者在語言交流時存在語言轉(zhuǎn)換，而在語言轉(zhuǎn)換過程中往往需要執(zhí)行功能的參與。那么，在語言中表現(xiàn)出來的雙語優(yōu)勢是否在一般的任務轉(zhuǎn)換中同樣顯示出優(yōu)勢效應。如果具有雙語者優(yōu)勢效應，其具體來源及在任務轉(zhuǎn)換操作過程中腦電生理活動特點是值得進一步考察和探尋的問題。 基于上述目的，本研究開展了平衡雙語者和非平衡雙語者在任務切換過程中優(yōu)勢效應的研究，分別從行為學和腦電生理的水平進行了考察。實驗一采用雙線索任務轉(zhuǎn)換范式，對比平衡雙語者和非平衡雙語者在語言任務和一般任務轉(zhuǎn)換中是否存在差異，平衡雙語者是否表現(xiàn)出語言或是任務轉(zhuǎn)換的相關(guān)優(yōu)勢效應。實驗二通過操縱線索到刺激間的時間間隔（CSI），考查雙語者任務轉(zhuǎn)換優(yōu)勢效應的來源，是否與內(nèi)源性準備和外源性控制有關(guān)。實驗三采用ERP技術(shù)，以D-Pos、N2和LPC為指標考察內(nèi)源性準備和外源性調(diào)節(jié)的時間進程特點。研究表明： （1）平衡雙語者在任務轉(zhuǎn)換中優(yōu)于非平衡雙語者，表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢效應。 （2）當CSI為0ms時，無法進行內(nèi)源性準備，平衡雙語者反應時快于非平衡雙語者，但未達到顯著性差異；當CSI為250ms時，可以進行內(nèi)源性準備但無法完成，平衡雙語者反應時明顯快于非平衡雙語者；當CSI為600ms時，內(nèi)源性準備基本完成，平衡雙語者反應時與非平衡雙語者比較無顯著性差異。 （3）腦電成分分析表明，非平衡雙語者線索鎖時相關(guān)的正波D-Pos無論轉(zhuǎn)換序列或重復序列，其平均波幅均比平衡雙語者更正，說明非平衡雙語者需要更多的心理資源進行準備。刺激出現(xiàn)后誘發(fā)的N2成分，無論轉(zhuǎn)換序列或重復序列，非平衡雙語者的平均波幅在額區(qū)比平衡雙語者更負；而對于LPC，無論轉(zhuǎn)換序列或重復序列，非平衡雙語者的平均波幅比平衡雙語者更正。 總體而言，本實驗研究結(jié)果說明平衡雙語者由于日常生活中不斷地轉(zhuǎn)換語言，使得負責語言轉(zhuǎn)換的機制或腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡得到加強，，促進平衡雙語者在同樣需要這一機制或神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡的任務轉(zhuǎn)換中表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢效應。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of bilingualism has become a universal trend in the world. In the last decade, the research on bilingualism has received widespread attention. Researchers are increasingly keen on the relationship between bilingual language experience and executive function. It has been found that bilinguals are involved in conflict resolution. Suppression control is superior to monolinguals. In daily life, bilingual people have language conversion in language communication, but in the process of language conversion, they often need to participate in executive functions. Whether the bilingual advantage shown in the language also shows the superiority effect in the general task transition. If there is a bilingualism advantage effect, Its specific source and the characteristics of electrophysiological activities during task switching are worthy of further investigation and exploration. For the above purpose, this study carried out a study on the dominant effects of balanced and non-balanced bilinguals in the task switching process, and investigated the behavioral and electrophysiological levels, respectively. In the first experiment, a two-clue task switching paradigm was used. Comparing the differences between balanced and unbalanced bilinguals in language task and general task conversion, In the second experiment, by manipulating the time interval between cues and stimuli, we examined the source of the dominant effect of task switching in bilingual subjects. Whether it is related to endogenous preparation and exogenous control. Experiment 3 uses ERP technique and D-Posn N2 and LPC as indicators to investigate the characteristics of the time course of endogenous preparation and exogenous regulation. 1) balanced bilinguals are superior to non-balanced bilinguals in task switching, showing a dominant effect. (2) when CSI was 0 Ms, endogenous preparation could not be carried out, and the reaction time of balanced bilinguals was faster than that of non-equilibrium bilinguals, but there was no significant difference, and when CSI was 250ms, endogenous preparations could be made but could not be completed. The response time of balanced bilinguals was significantly faster than that of non-equilibrium bilinguals, and when CSI was 600ms, endogenous preparation was basically completed, and there was no significant difference between balanced bilinguals and non-equilibrium bilinguals. (3) EEG composition analysis showed that the average amplitude of positive wave D-Pos in non-equilibrium bilinguals was higher than that in balanced bilinguals, regardless of the conversion sequence or repeat sequence. The results showed that the non-equilibrium bilinguals needed more psychological resources to prepare. The N _ 2 components induced by stimulation were more negative in the frontal region than those in the balanced bilinguals. For LPCs, the average amplitude of non-equilibrium bilinguals was higher than that of balanced bilinguals. In general, the results of this study show that the mechanism or neural network responsible for language conversion is enhanced by the continuous language conversion in the daily life of bilingual people. Promoting the balance of bilinguals also requires this mechanism or neural network in the task of switching shows a dominant effect.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B842;H0-05

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本文編號：1542310