本文關(guān)鍵詞： 第二語言習(xí)得 特殊疑問句 句法啟動　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：啟動,指的是人們先前接觸過的語言形式或意義會影響隨后的語言產(chǎn)出。啟動現(xiàn)象存在多種表現(xiàn),其中句法啟動是受到學(xué)界關(guān)注的一個重要研究范疇。 句法啟動現(xiàn)象的存在前提是人類語言的多樣性,即,在同一種語言中可以使用兩種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)同樣的意義。句法啟動指的是人們在語言產(chǎn)出時,傾向于使用剛接觸過的句式結(jié)構(gòu),而不是其他同樣可被選擇的結(jié)構(gòu)。句法啟動研究最早于1986年出現(xiàn)在第一語言研究領(lǐng)域,隨后被學(xué)者引入了第二語言研究領(lǐng)域,并證明句法啟動現(xiàn)象在二語領(lǐng)域同樣存在。句法啟動方法可被用來探究第二語言加工、語言表征以及語言習(xí)得等方面的問題。近年來以McDonough等為代表的學(xué)者也對句法啟動與第二語言習(xí)得以及發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系加以探究。 本文將句法啟動引入漢語作為第二語言研究中,進(jìn)行了兩組相關(guān)實驗。第一個實驗探索的是啟動條件中疑問句類型對漢語作為第二語言習(xí)得者句法啟動的影響。第二個實驗探索的是重復(fù)對句法啟動的影響效果。 本文首先在第一章對句法啟動進(jìn)行了簡要介紹。第二章中對句法啟動研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜述,并介紹了句法啟動實驗中常用的實驗方法以及幾種理論解釋。 第三章對本研究進(jìn)行的兩個句法啟動實驗的設(shè)計進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹,包括實驗對象、實驗材料、步驟以及預(yù)測試等。實驗對象為30名南京大學(xué)的外國留學(xué)生。實驗者與被試進(jìn)行一對一的單獨實驗,包括前測、啟動實驗以及后測,全程約為20到30分鐘。啟動實驗的實驗方法參考了圖片描述任務(wù)和聯(lián)盟腳本互動任務(wù),進(jìn)行圖片問答。實驗者與被試就自己手中的圖片輪流向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)問。 第四章具體介紹了本文的第一個實驗——啟動疑問句的類型是否影響第二語言習(xí)得者的問句產(chǎn)出。實驗者隨機(jī)將20名被試分為兩組,實驗組一接觸到的啟動材料包含兩種特殊疑問句,實驗組二的啟動材料中則出現(xiàn)六種不同的特殊疑問句。實驗結(jié)果顯示,疑問句類型對于被試的問句產(chǎn)出具有明顯啟動效果。接觸了種類較豐富問句的實驗組二比實驗組一產(chǎn)出更多種類的問句。 第五章介紹了本文的第二個實驗——啟動過程中是否需要對啟動信息加以重復(fù)。實驗組二、三的被試在實驗中接觸同樣的啟動材料和提示材料。實驗組三的被試在圖片問答任務(wù)中,需先復(fù)述一遍實驗者所說的疑問句,再進(jìn)行問答。而實驗組二的被試只需要與實驗者進(jìn)行圖片問答即可。實驗結(jié)果顯示,兩組被試的問句產(chǎn)出情況并無顯著差異,重復(fù)對于句法啟動效應(yīng)無顯著影響。 在最后一章中,作者將實驗結(jié)果與理論以及第二語言習(xí)得應(yīng)用相聯(lián)系,得出以下幾點結(jié)論。首先,句法啟動在漢語作為第二語言領(lǐng)域存在。其次,啟動研究對于第二語言習(xí)得具有一定的意義。第三,詞匯句法表征模型存在。最后,作者展望了今后的研究方向,并對全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Priming refers to the fact that the language form or meaning that people have come into contact with before will affect the subsequent language output. There are many manifestations of priming phenomenon, among which syntactic priming is an important research area that has been paid attention to by scholars. The existence of syntactic priming is based on the diversity of human languages, that is, two different structures can be used in the same language to express the same meaning. The syntactic priming study first appeared in the field of first language research in 1986 and was later introduced into the field of second language research by scholars. It is proved that syntactic priming also exists in the field of second language. Syntactic priming can be used to explore the processing of second language. In recent years, scholars, such as McDonough et al, have also explored the relationship between syntactic priming and second language acquisition and development. This paper introduces syntactic priming into the study of Chinese as a second language. Two groups of related experiments were conducted. The first was to explore the effect of question type in priming condition on the syntactic priming of Chinese as a second language learner, and the second was to explore the effect of repetition on syntactic priming. In the first chapter, the syntactic priming is briefly introduced. In the second chapter, the research status of syntactic priming is summarized, and the common experimental methods and several theoretical explanations are introduced. In the third chapter, the design of two syntactic priming experiments is introduced in detail, including the experimental objects, experimental materials, The subjects were 30 foreign students from Nanjing University. The subjects were conducted one-to-one experiments, including pre-test, priming experiment and post-test. The whole process is about 20 to 30 minutes. The experimental method of starting the experiment refers to the picture description task and the interactive task of the alliance script, and carries on the picture question-and-answer. The experimenter and the subject ask each other questions about the pictures in their hands in turn. Chapter 4th introduces in detail whether the type of priming questions affects the output of question sentences of second language learners. Twenty subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Two special questions were found in the priming materials of experimental group one, and six different special questions appeared in the priming materials of experimental group two. The type of interrogative sentence has obvious priming effect on the question sentence output of the subjects. Chapter 5th introduces whether the second experiment in this paper should be repeated during startup. Three percent of the subjects were exposed to the same priming materials and prompts in the experiment. In the photo question-and-answer task, the participants in the experimental group 3 had to retell the questions said by the experimenter. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the output of question sentences between the two groups, and repetition had no significant effect on the syntactic priming effect. In the last chapter, the author associates the experimental results with the theory and the application of second language acquisition, and draws the following conclusions: firstly, syntactic priming exists in the field of Chinese as a second language. The priming study has a certain significance for second language acquisition. Thirdly, lexical and syntactic representation models exist. Finally, the author looks forward to the future research direction and summarizes the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H195

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