本文關鍵詞： 委婉語 生成機制 概念轉(zhuǎn)喻 理想化認知模型(ICM)　出處：《中國石油大學（華東）》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：委婉語是人類日常語言活動中不可或缺的調(diào)味劑，它憑借自己的技巧即用禮貌避免忌諱為自己贏得了一席之地。它能賦予平淡無奇的表意藝術性，能使尖銳苛刻的表意變得柔和化，從而緩解人與人之間的矛盾，維持人與人之間的友好關系。委婉語，這一奇妙的智慧結(jié)晶，猶如一個巨大的迷宮，關于它的每一個細節(jié)都值得我們細心探索。然而，近年來人們對它的研究大多從語用、語義角度進行，從認知語言學角度對其進行的考量相對來說較為欠缺。過去幾年有不少學者針對委婉語的生成機制進行了一系列探索，但從認知語言學的角度尤其是從轉(zhuǎn)喻的角度對其生成機制的探索還不多見。 上世紀八十年代以來，認知語言學的迅猛崛起為語言研究中一些遺留下來的難題提供了新的解決思路和方法。其中之一的轉(zhuǎn)喻，不再被認為僅僅是一種修辭手法，而是同隱喻一樣，是一種在人類認知世界過程中起重要作用的概念現(xiàn)象。轉(zhuǎn)喻的認知基礎即突顯性和臨近性使其對大千世界中的各種語言現(xiàn)象能給予合理的解釋。概念轉(zhuǎn)喻是源于同一認知域中兩個有關聯(lián)的概念實體之間的映射，是一種替代現(xiàn)象，而委婉語也是用一種禮貌的表達代替所避諱的內(nèi)容，只不過對兩個實體有一定的要求。所以本文認為委婉語的生成機制能夠在轉(zhuǎn)喻理論下得到更深刻的解釋。 轉(zhuǎn)喻的實現(xiàn)和委婉語的認知闡釋離不開理想化認知模型（ICM）�；诖�，本文首先結(jié)合實例系統(tǒng)地分析了理想化認知模型下委婉語的生成，，隨后進一步探索了從語音到語用各個語言層次上委婉語的轉(zhuǎn)喻生成機制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)委婉語的生成在本質(zhì)上是基于轉(zhuǎn)喻思維的，無論在日常生活還是在正式場合中，正是人們掌握了轉(zhuǎn)喻思維的方式，才能維持良好的人際關系或者達到特定的目的，并顯示出自身高雅的素質(zhì)。轉(zhuǎn)喻也幫我們更深刻地認識了委婉語，同時證明了轉(zhuǎn)喻這一認知理論的實踐意義和地位，為委婉語的研究提供了一個全新的視角。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is an indispensable condiment in human daily language activities, and it gains a place for itself by virtue of one's own skills, that is, politeness to avoid taboos. Can soften sharp and harsh ideas, ease conflicts between people, maintain friendly relations between people. Euphemism, this wonderful crystallization of wisdom is like a great maze, Every detail about it is worth our careful exploration. However, in recent years, people have mostly studied it from the perspective of pragmatics and semantics. In the past few years, many scholars have made a series of explorations on the formation mechanism of euphemism. However, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, especially from the perspective of metonymy, it is rare to explore the mechanism of its formation. Since -20s, the rapid rise of cognitive linguistics has provided new ideas and methods for solving some problems left over in language research. Metonymy, one of which is no longer regarded as merely a rhetorical device. But just like metaphor, Metonymy is a conceptual phenomenon that plays an important role in the process of human cognition of the world. The cognitive basis of metonymy, i.e. salience and proximity, enables it to give a reasonable explanation of various linguistic phenomena in the world. Conceptual metonymy is derived from. Mapping between two associated conceptual entities in the same cognitive domain, Euphemism is a substitute phenomenon, and euphemism is a kind of polite expression to replace the taboo content, but there are some requirements for the two entities. Therefore, this paper argues that the mechanism of euphemism can be explained more deeply under metonymy theory. The realization of metonymy and the cognitive interpretation of euphemism can not be separated from the idealized cognitive model. Then it further explores the metonymy generation mechanism of euphemism at all linguistic levels from pronunciation to pragmatics. It is found that the generation of euphemism is essentially metonymy based on metonymy thinking, both in daily life and in formal situations. It is people who master the metonymy way of thinking in order to maintain good interpersonal relationships or achieve certain goals and show their elegant qualities. Metonymy also helps us to understand euphemism more deeply. It also proves the practical significance and status of metonymy, which provides a new perspective for the study of euphemism.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學（華東）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H030

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本文編號：1501410