本文關(guān)鍵詞： 委婉語(yǔ) 生成機(jī)制 概念轉(zhuǎn)喻 理想化認(rèn)知模型(ICM)　出處：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：委婉語(yǔ)是人類(lèi)日常語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)中不可或缺的調(diào)味劑，它憑借自己的技巧即用禮貌避免忌諱為自己贏(yíng)得了一席之地。它能賦予平淡無(wú)奇的表意藝術(shù)性，能使尖銳苛刻的表意變得柔和化，從而緩解人與人之間的矛盾，維持人與人之間的友好關(guān)系。委婉語(yǔ)，這一奇妙的智慧結(jié)晶，猶如一個(gè)巨大的迷宮，關(guān)于它的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都值得我們細(xì)心探索。然而，近年來(lái)人們對(duì)它的研究大多從語(yǔ)用、語(yǔ)義角度進(jìn)行，從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行的考量相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)較為欠缺。過(guò)去幾年有不少學(xué)者針對(duì)委婉語(yǔ)的生成機(jī)制進(jìn)行了一系列探索，但從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度尤其是從轉(zhuǎn)喻的角度對(duì)其生成機(jī)制的探索還不多見(jiàn)。 上世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)，認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的迅猛崛起為語(yǔ)言研究中一些遺留下來(lái)的難題提供了新的解決思路和方法。其中之一的轉(zhuǎn)喻，不再被認(rèn)為僅僅是一種修辭手法，而是同隱喻一樣，是一種在人類(lèi)認(rèn)知世界過(guò)程中起重要作用的概念現(xiàn)象。轉(zhuǎn)喻的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)即突顯性和臨近性使其對(duì)大千世界中的各種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象能給予合理的解釋。概念轉(zhuǎn)喻是源于同一認(rèn)知域中兩個(gè)有關(guān)聯(lián)的概念實(shí)體之間的映射，是一種替代現(xiàn)象，而委婉語(yǔ)也是用一種禮貌的表達(dá)代替所避諱的內(nèi)容，只不過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)實(shí)體有一定的要求。所以本文認(rèn)為委婉語(yǔ)的生成機(jī)制能夠在轉(zhuǎn)喻理論下得到更深刻的解釋。 轉(zhuǎn)喻的實(shí)現(xiàn)和委婉語(yǔ)的認(rèn)知闡釋離不開(kāi)理想化認(rèn)知模型（ICM）�；诖耍疚氖紫冉Y(jié)合實(shí)例系統(tǒng)地分析了理想化認(rèn)知模型下委婉語(yǔ)的生成，，隨后進(jìn)一步探索了從語(yǔ)音到語(yǔ)用各個(gè)語(yǔ)言層次上委婉語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)喻生成機(jī)制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)委婉語(yǔ)的生成在本質(zhì)上是基于轉(zhuǎn)喻思維的，無(wú)論在日常生活還是在正式場(chǎng)合中，正是人們掌握了轉(zhuǎn)喻思維的方式，才能維持良好的人際關(guān)系或者達(dá)到特定的目的，并顯示出自身高雅的素質(zhì)。轉(zhuǎn)喻也幫我們更深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)了委婉語(yǔ)，同時(shí)證明了轉(zhuǎn)喻這一認(rèn)知理論的實(shí)踐意義和地位，為委婉語(yǔ)的研究提供了一個(gè)全新的視角。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is an indispensable condiment in human daily language activities, and it gains a place for itself by virtue of one's own skills, that is, politeness to avoid taboos. Can soften sharp and harsh ideas, ease conflicts between people, maintain friendly relations between people. Euphemism, this wonderful crystallization of wisdom is like a great maze, Every detail about it is worth our careful exploration. However, in recent years, people have mostly studied it from the perspective of pragmatics and semantics. In the past few years, many scholars have made a series of explorations on the formation mechanism of euphemism. However, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, especially from the perspective of metonymy, it is rare to explore the mechanism of its formation. Since -20s, the rapid rise of cognitive linguistics has provided new ideas and methods for solving some problems left over in language research. Metonymy, one of which is no longer regarded as merely a rhetorical device. But just like metaphor, Metonymy is a conceptual phenomenon that plays an important role in the process of human cognition of the world. The cognitive basis of metonymy, i.e. salience and proximity, enables it to give a reasonable explanation of various linguistic phenomena in the world. Conceptual metonymy is derived from. Mapping between two associated conceptual entities in the same cognitive domain, Euphemism is a substitute phenomenon, and euphemism is a kind of polite expression to replace the taboo content, but there are some requirements for the two entities. Therefore, this paper argues that the mechanism of euphemism can be explained more deeply under metonymy theory. The realization of metonymy and the cognitive interpretation of euphemism can not be separated from the idealized cognitive model. Then it further explores the metonymy generation mechanism of euphemism at all linguistic levels from pronunciation to pragmatics. It is found that the generation of euphemism is essentially metonymy based on metonymy thinking, both in daily life and in formal situations. It is people who master the metonymy way of thinking in order to maintain good interpersonal relationships or achieve certain goals and show their elegant qualities. Metonymy also helps us to understand euphemism more deeply. It also proves the practical significance and status of metonymy, which provides a new perspective for the study of euphemism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H030

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