本文關(guān)鍵詞： 差不多 差點兒 差點兒沒VP 形義錯配　出處：《西南大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：“差不多”和“差點兒”作副詞時,都表示“接近”義,但是,二者在實際運用中存在諸多不同。在前人研究的基礎上,簡明扼要地概括二者在用法上的不同之處。通過提取“差不多”和“差點兒”所搭配成分的語義特征,概括出“差不多”所搭配的成分具有等級性,“差點兒”所搭配的成分具有事件性。 在此基礎上,進一步探究“差不多”和“差點兒”存在以上不同用法的原因。首先,我們認為用法的不同源于語義的差別,通過借助前賢對“差不多”和“差點兒”語義研究的成果,解釋二者用法的不同。其次,我們認為二者的最小對比項“不多”和“一點兒”的差別是“差不多”和“差點兒”用法差別所在�！安欢唷焙汀耙稽c兒”在認知語義上存在差別,由于主觀期望的不同,這兩個都表示少量的語言單位凸顯出的語義存在差異。與此同時,對實際語料進行統(tǒng)計,發(fā)現(xiàn)“不多”在句中多作謂語,謂詞性較強,因而,在與“差”這個語素組合成詞時,“不多”的語義易凸顯,這印證了“差不多”這個詞強調(diào)差距不大,從根本上講是個肯定性的詞語的結(jié)論；同理,“一點兒”在句中多作狀語、補語、定語等附屬性的語法成分,在與語素“差”組合時,詞義不易凸顯,相反,“差”的語義得以凸顯,在“差點兒”這個詞語的語義中占據(jù)主要地位,強調(diào)差距的存在,這與前人得出的“差點兒”大體上是個否定的詞語的結(jié)論相一致。 前賢對“差點沒VP”的形義錯配做出了許多建設性的研究,其中最主要的幾家有沈家煊(1999)、江藍生(2008)、袁毓林(2011)等。通過對其比較分析,指出各家存在的不足和有待研究的問題,我們傾向于江藍生的解釋,一方面其論證過程翔實、縝密,另一方面其概念整合與構(gòu)式疊加的角度具有更廣泛的解釋力。同時,通過進一步探究整合發(fā)生的條件和機制,我們認為,整合產(chǎn)生的條件與言語中的口誤有相同的心理機制,“差點兒沒VP”的產(chǎn)生屬于“截搭口誤”這一類型。其形義錯配產(chǎn)生過程大致如此：說話人腦中同時存在“差點兒VP(不希望發(fā)生的事情)”“沒VP(不希望發(fā)生的事情)”兩種語言形式,這兩種語言形式大致上都表示事情沒有發(fā)生,但是由于說話時心急而將這兩種形式各截取一部分合在一起說出來,從而形成“差點兒沒VP(不希望發(fā)生的事情)”這一格式。這一格式經(jīng)過長期使用逐漸產(chǎn)生新的浮現(xiàn)意義——強調(diào)這件事情沒有發(fā)生,表示慶幸、后怕的心理。
[Abstract]:When "almost" and "nearly" are adverbs, they both mean "close to", but there are many differences between them in practical application, on the basis of previous studies. By extracting the semantic features of the collocation of "similar" and "almost", we can conclude that the collocation of "almost" is hierarchical. The element of "almost" is eventful. On this basis, we further explore the reasons why "almost" and "almost" exist in the above different usages. First of all, we think that the differences in usage are due to semantic differences. With the help of the results of the semantic research of "similar" and "almost", the author explains the difference of their usage. Secondly. We think that the difference between "little" and "little" is the difference between "almost" and "nearly". There is a difference between "little" and "bit" in cognitive semantics. Because of the difference of subjective expectation, these two mean that a small number of linguistic units highlight the differences in semantics. At the same time, the actual corpus is statistically analyzed, and it is found that "not much" is often used as predicates in sentences, and the predicate is stronger. Therefore, when combined with the morpheme of "difference", the meaning of "not much" is easy to highlight, which confirms the conclusion that the word "almost" emphasizes little difference and is fundamentally a positive word. In the same way, the grammatical elements of adverbial, complement and attributive attributes of "bit" in sentences are not easy to highlight when combined with morpheme "difference", on the contrary, the meaning of "difference" is highlighted. It is consistent with the conclusion that "nearly" is a negative word, which occupies the main position in the semantics of the word "nearly" and emphasizes the existence of the gap. The former Xian has made many constructive researches on the form and meaning mismatch of "almost no VP", among which the most important ones are Shen Jiaxuan (1999) and Jiang Lansheng (2008). Through comparative analysis, we point out the shortcomings and problems to be studied, we tend to explain Jiang Lansheng, on the one hand, its argumentation process is full and meticulous. On the other hand, the angle of conceptual integration and construction superposition has more extensive explanatory power. At the same time, by further exploring the conditions and mechanism of integration, we believe that. The condition of integration has the same psychological mechanism as the slip of tongue in speech. The generation of "almost no VP" belongs to the type of "truncated slip of the tongue." the process of generating the form and meaning mismatch is roughly the same: there is "almost VP" in the spoken human brain. "No VP" Don't want to happen) "in two languages." These two forms of language generally mean that things have not happened, but because of the urgency of speaking, the two forms are cut off from each other and said together. The result is a "almost nothing VP" format. The format has been used for a long time to produce a new emerging meaning-to emphasize that this did not happen, to express the good news. After the fear of psychology.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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