發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-20 06:49

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 漢語(yǔ)兒童 語(yǔ)言獲得 析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞 單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞的研究是近年來(lái)兒童語(yǔ)言獲得研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。在成人語(yǔ)法中,析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞“或者”在單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境與非單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中的解讀在各語(yǔ)言中均存在著普遍非對(duì)稱性(SuCrain 631)。本研究通過(guò)真值條件判斷任務(wù)法,旨在探索3-6歲漢語(yǔ)兒童對(duì)這兩種語(yǔ)境中的析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞的理解,并比較他們與成人理解的異同。在經(jīng)典邏輯和形式語(yǔ)義上,析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞通常被理解為“兼容或”(Cihai 2455;Chen Aihua 87;Chen Bo 52;Cheng 73;Yang 13-5;Cann 68;Crain et al 2000:49;Fang 77-81;Kearns 28;Partee et al 103-4);而在語(yǔ)用上,析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞傾向于被理解為“不兼容或”(Levinson 139-40)。造成這種差異的原因主要是經(jīng)典邏輯和形式語(yǔ)義學(xué)處理的對(duì)象一般是理想語(yǔ)言或人工語(yǔ)言,而語(yǔ)用學(xué)處理的對(duì)象通常是日常語(yǔ)言或自然語(yǔ)言。后者會(huì)受到會(huì)話合作原則及等級(jí)含義理論等語(yǔ)用因素的影響,而前者不會(huì)。單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含是一種普遍存在于各種語(yǔ)言的核心語(yǔ)義屬性,自然語(yǔ)言中的等級(jí)含義在單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中會(huì)被取消(Su and Crain 2013;Su 2014)。因此,在單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中,析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞得到“兼容或”的邏輯解讀,而在非單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中,析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞得到“不兼容或”的語(yǔ)用解讀。本研究通過(guò)三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),具體考察漢語(yǔ)兒童解讀析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞“或者”的三個(gè)問(wèn)題:第一:漢語(yǔ)兒童會(huì)對(duì)析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞“或者”作“兼容或”解讀還是“不兼容或”解讀?即漢語(yǔ)兒童在理解析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞“或者”時(shí)更傾向經(jīng)典邏輯解讀還是語(yǔ)用解讀?第二:漢語(yǔ)兒童是否區(qū)分單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含與非單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含的不同特點(diǎn)?第三:3-6歲漢語(yǔ)兒童對(duì)析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞“或者”的語(yǔ)義的理解是先天存在于大腦的還是后天從環(huán)境中學(xué)會(huì)的?研究發(fā)現(xiàn)3-6歲的漢語(yǔ)兒童與成人存在差異,他們不但將單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中的析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞理解為“兼容或”,而且將非單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中的析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞也理解為“兼容或”。這說(shuō)明該年齡段兒童對(duì)等級(jí)含義不如成人敏感,他們傾向于對(duì)析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞作經(jīng)典邏輯解讀。盡管漢語(yǔ)兒童傾向于對(duì)單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境與非單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中的析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞都作“兼容或”解讀,但他們并不認(rèn)為這兩種語(yǔ)境的語(yǔ)義特征是完全一致的。這表明漢語(yǔ)兒童在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的早期階段就能認(rèn)識(shí)到單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境的核心語(yǔ)義特征。這一結(jié)論驗(yàn)證了SuCrain(2013)和Su(2014)的研究。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究不支持Tomasello提出的Usage-based Model,而支持Stephen Crain的邏輯先天論或Chomsky的普遍語(yǔ)法。因?yàn)閮和谡Z(yǔ)言發(fā)展早期階段傾向于對(duì)析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞“或者”作經(jīng)典邏輯解讀,而且這種解讀并不是基于成人的語(yǔ)言輸入。成人傾向于對(duì)非單調(diào)向下蘊(yùn)含語(yǔ)境中的析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞作“不兼容或”解讀,而兒童堅(jiān)持“兼容或”解讀,這說(shuō)明早期兒童對(duì)析取聯(lián)結(jié)詞的理解并不是基于對(duì)語(yǔ)言輸入的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí),而是基于先天存在于大腦中的邏輯語(yǔ)義知識(shí)。
[Abstract]:The research of logical connectives is a hot issue of child language acquisition in recent years. In the adult grammar, disjunctive word "or" in the context of non monotonic and monotonic downward entailing downward interpretation in the context of contained in each language are generally non symmetry (SuCrain 631). This study through the true value the condition judgment task, in order to explore the Chinese children aged 3-6 understanding of the two kinds of disjunctive connectives in the context of the similarities and differences, and compare them with adults understand. In classical logic and formal semantics, disjunctive connectives is usually understood as "compatible or" (Cihai 2455; Chen Aihua 87; Chen Bo 52; Cheng 73; Cann 68; Crain Yang 13-5; et al 2000:49; Fang 77-81; Kearns 28; Partee et al; 103-4) in pragmatics, disjunctive connectives tend to be understood as "incompatible or" (Levinson 139-40). The cause of this kind of difference is mainly Classical logic and formal semantics processing object is the ideal language or artificial language, and the object of pragmatic processing usually everyday language or natural language. The latter will be affected by the cooperative principle and theory of scalar implicature pragmatic factors, but not the former. To contain monotone semantic attribute is the core of a widespread in various the level of language, meaning in natural language in the context of monotone down contains will be cancelled (Su and Crain 2013; Su 2014). Therefore, in the context of downward monotonic implication, logical interpretation of disjunctive connectives are "compatible or", while in the non monotonic downward implication in the context of disjunctive connectives "pragmatic the interpretation is not compatible or". Three experiments, specific study of Chinese children's interpretation of disjunctive connectives "or" three questions: First: Chinese children of disjunctive connected words "or "As" or "compatible or incompatible" interpretation or interpretation of Chinese children? In the analysis of word "or" more likely interpretation of classical logic or pragmatic interpretation? Second: Chinese children to identify whether a monotone downward entailing different characteristics and non monotonic downward entailing? Third: Chinese children aged 3-6 for semantic understanding disjunctive connectives "or" is congenital or acquired in the brain from the school environment? The research has discovered that Chinese children and adults aged 3-6 are different, they will not only contain disjunctive connectives monotone downward in the context of understanding is "compatible or", and the non monotone disjunctive connectives in the context of it down is understood as "compatible or". This shows that the age of the child is sensitive to level meaning than adults, they tend to be the classic interpretation of disjunctive logic connectives. Although Chinese children tend to The monotonic and nonmonotonic context contains down down disjunctive connectives in the context of which are "compatible or" interpretation, but they do not think the semantic features of these two kinds of contexts is exactly the same. This shows that Chinese children in the early stages of language development can realize monotonous to the core semantic features contained this context. A conclusion of SuCrain (2013) and Su (2014) of the study. This study does not support the Tomasello of Usage-based Model, Stephen Crain and universal grammar support the logic of Nativism or Chomsky. Because of the tendency of children to disjunctive connectives "or" interpretation of classical logic in the early stages of language development, and this the interpretation is not based on the linguistic input. Adults tend to contain non monotone disjunctive connectives down in the context of "incompatible or" interpretation, and adhere to the "compatible or children" Interpretation shows that early children's understanding of disjunctive connectives is not based on the statistical learning of language input, but based on the logical and semantic knowledge inherent in the brain.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H193.1

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