本文關(guān)鍵詞：“君”字在漢日語中的意義變遷　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：日本與中國一衣帶水,自古以來中日間交流的歷史源遠(yuǎn)流長,不論是經(jīng)濟(jì)還是文化方面的交流都對(duì)兩國的歷史產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。"君"在古漢語中意義多,使用多,可以指君王,可以作為第二人稱,但是到現(xiàn)在人們想起"君"字就覺得古韻十足,這與我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺褂脮r(shí)都是使用有其組成的固定單詞居多,而且這些單詞基本上都與皇帝有關(guān),如"昏君"、"君臣"、"君主"等,在日常生活中很少會(huì)被單獨(dú)使用有關(guān)。而在日語中,在漢字傳到日本后,經(jīng)歷了歷史的演變后,現(xiàn)代日語中的"君"字卻并未像我國的"君"字一樣使用變少,而是依然有很高的使用頻率,如:做第二人稱,指代你,或是接在姓名后表示敬意。同樣一個(gè)漢字卻在中國和日本卻有著不同的演變過程,并未有人討論過這個(gè)命題,但這其中的過程實(shí)在是很值得深究。因此,本文以探究"君"字在幾個(gè)主要的歷史時(shí)期的著名文學(xué)作品中的意義為研究對(duì)象,通過統(tǒng)計(jì)文學(xué)作品中出現(xiàn)意義的數(shù)量,來探究"君"字在兩種語言中的大致變化過程。除了橫向比較每個(gè)時(shí)期日語和漢語中的意義的異同點(diǎn)外,分別對(duì)日語和漢語的縱向變化過程進(jìn)行梳理。在漢日對(duì)比的基礎(chǔ)上,以求勾勒出"君"字在中日兩國的發(fā)展變化過程。雖不能確定每個(gè)漢字在日漢語中的具體起源,發(fā)生每個(gè)變化的時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)、原因等,但是通過對(duì)某一時(shí)期的文學(xué)作品的研究也可以從中略微窺探出其發(fā)展變化的軌跡。由于作者能力、精力有限,無法對(duì)每一部作品進(jìn)行比較探究,因而只能挑選一些代表作進(jìn)行討論。由于"遣唐使"的頻繁來往,帶去很多中國的典籍,所以這一時(shí)期日本受到了中國很大的影響,因而本文以唐朝為主要節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行時(shí)間劃分,分為唐之前,唐朝,明清以及現(xiàn)代幾個(gè)階段進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)應(yīng)的日本方面的作品選擇就選用時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)大致相同的著名文學(xué)作品作為范本分析。唐以前時(shí)期的作品中,日語以《古事記》、漢語以《論語》和《史記》為范本進(jìn)行分析。唐朝時(shí)期的文學(xué)作品中,日語方面使用的是代表了當(dāng)時(shí)的文學(xué)造詣巔峰,也能充分代表當(dāng)時(shí)語言特色的《源氏物語》一書,漢語使用唐朝的唐傳奇小說和全唐詩。明清時(shí)期日語是以二葉亭四迷的《浮云》為主,夏目漱石的《三四郎》等作品為補(bǔ)充,漢語則選用的是四大名著,以《紅樓夢》為主、《西游記》、《水滸傳》、《三國演義》為補(bǔ)充。我們對(duì)現(xiàn)代語部分很熟悉,加之有很多專業(yè)且材料豐富的辭典,因而現(xiàn)代語部分以辭典的釋義為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),并結(jié)合文學(xué)作品進(jìn)行分析,漢語使用莫言的《蛙》,日語用東野圭吾的《白夜行》。最后通過對(duì)以上的歸類分析來梳理"君"字在日語和漢語中的發(fā)展軌跡,并分別對(duì)中日間的橫向比較以及中日語種分別的縱向比較進(jìn)行分析。通過對(duì)以上材料的分析歸納,在本文研究范圍內(nèi),唐以前的中國文學(xué)作品中,"君"字意義和使用率都較高,在之后就在逐漸減少,日本的文學(xué)作品中則是呈現(xiàn)由少到多,再逐漸減少的規(guī)律,且所含敬意也隨之下降的規(guī)律。而且從古至今,漢語和日語的意義相同部分也在呈現(xiàn)逐漸減少的狀態(tài),到現(xiàn)代語中,漢語和日語中只有"君主"這一意思是相同的。
[Abstract]:Japan has a long history in the daytime and China a narrow strip of water exchange history, since ancient times, both of the two countries in history has had a profound impact on the economic and cultural exchanges. "Jun" in ancient Chinese meaning, use, can refer to the king, as the second person, but now people think of the word "Jun" I felt full rhyme, and use it in our daily life are used with fixed words consisting of the majority, and these words are basically with the emperor, such as "King", "monarch", "monarch", in the daily life will rarely be used alone. And in Japanese, in the Chinese characters spread to Japan, the history of evolution, in modern Japanese word "Jun" but did not like the Chinese word "Jun" use less, but still has a very high frequency of use, such as: do you refer to the second person, or is connected to the name table In the same respect. One is in Japan and Chinese Chinese characters have different evolution process, has not been discussed this proposition, but the process is really worth studying. Therefore, this paper explores the word "Jun" in the famous literary works of several major historical periods in significance as the research object through the statistics, literary works in the sense of quantity, roughly changing course to explore the word "Jun" in the two languages. In addition to Japanese and Chinese comparison each period the significance of the similarities and differences, the longitudinal changes of Chinese and Japanese respectively. On the basis of combing Chinese and Japanese comparison, in order to outline of the word "Jun" in the development and changes in China and Japan. Although the process can not determine the specific origin of each Chinese characters in Japanese and Chinese, the time node, each occurrence of the reasons for the change, but through a period of literature research Can see the development and change from slightly out of the track. Due to the ability, energy is limited, can not be compared on each work, which can only choose some representative discussed. Due to the frequent qiantangshi ", bring a lot of China books in Japan during this period has been China the great influence of the Tang Dynasty as the main node of the time division, divided into before the Tang Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern stages of analysis, the corresponding Japanese works on the selection of famous literary works selected time node roughly the same as a model analysis. Before Tang Dynasty works, Japanese Kojiki in < > in Chinese," the Analects of Confucius "and" historical records "as the template for analysis. The Tang Dynasty literature, Japanese is used represents the pinnacle of the literary attainments, but also can fully represent the characteristics of the language at that time "The tale of Genji" a book, the use of Chinese Tang Dynasty Novels of Tang Chuanqi and Tang Dynasty of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In two Japanese pavilion four leaf fan clouds Natsume Soseki < < three or four >, > Lang and other works as supplement, while Chinese is the selection of the four masterpiece, with "a dream of Red Mansions", "journey to the West < >, < > Water Margin, Three Kingdoms > is added. We are familiar with modern language, and there are a lot of professional and rich materials and modern Chinese dictionary, part of the dictionary interpretation based on statistics, combined with literature analysis, the use of Chinese Mo Yan < > by Keigo Higashino Rana, Japanese" white night. By the end of the above classification analysis to sort out the word "Jun" in the development of Japanese and Chinese, and were on the day as well as the comparison of Sino Japanese language are longitudinal comparison analysis. Through the analysis of the above materials summarized, in this paper fan Wai, before the Tang Dynasty Chinese literary works, "gentleman" word meaning and usage are higher, after gradually decreased in the Japanese literature is from less to more, and then gradually reduced, and contained respect also decreased the law. But since ancient times, meaning the same part Chinese and Japanese are gradually reduced in the presentation of the state, to the modern Chinese and Japanese language, only the "monarchy" mean the same thing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H36;H12

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本文編號(hào)：1363222