【摘要】：海德格爾美學實質(zhì)上是“存在詩學”,是其沉思存在之真理的花朵,是對西方傳統(tǒng)知識論美學的批判。海氏美學的最大貢獻是超脫認識論二元對立,將美學建基于存在之上,使美學自此成為一種有根的科學。藝術(shù)論、詩論是其美學核心。(1)藝術(shù)論主要從真理的維度,論述真理在藝術(shù)中的生成與發(fā)生。海氏認為作品的本質(zhì)就是真理的發(fā)生;創(chuàng)作即是對存在之真理的接收和獲取,藝術(shù)就是對作品中的真理的創(chuàng)作性保藏;現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是異化的藝術(shù),復興本真藝術(shù)具有拯救現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)和拯救人類未來的雙重使命。(2)詩論主要從道說(本真之語言)的維度,論說詩與藝術(shù)、詩與存在、詩與棲居的關(guān)系。海氏認為一切藝術(shù)本質(zhì)都是詩;詩乃存在之詞語性創(chuàng)建;詩提供人借以詩意棲居的神性尺度。(3)此外,海氏美論也富于啟發(fā)。如分析藝術(shù)作品時從真理的角度指出,美乃真理現(xiàn)身之光亮;分析邏各斯時從存在的角度指出,一切在者之在是最美者;分析自然時從此在的角度指出,同時的迷惑與出神是美的本質(zhì)。 海氏美學以存在為本體,來消解認識論美學分裂的人性,這啟示我們未來美學必須以完整的人的存在,即以人的“生活存在”為本體。以生活存在為美學本體,不但使美學脫離象牙塔似的學院化閉塞之境,將美學拉回到活生生的生活世界;而且使美學立足經(jīng)驗世界,給以形而上的超驗之維,從而使美學走向更加廣闊的視域。從存在到生活存在,預示著美學的主題的變更,意味著從“存在詩學”走向“生活詩學”。 生活詩學要重建一種更加渾整復雜的生活觀念,即“生命—生活—存在”一體觀。立足于西方思想史的生活詩學,有著深刻的理論背景:存在的虛妄、生命的無助、生活的實在。(1)“存在”是西方形而上學的核心概念,存在的虛妄就是西方形而上學的最大特征。存在的虛妄表現(xiàn)有三:一是把一切都看作是存在,一種理性抽象的存在,無視生機勃勃的感性實體,妄想從存在演繹出一切,黑格爾是典型,海德格爾是幫兇。二是把人類的存在或是上帝的存在看成權(quán)威,傲視一切其他存在,前者導致踐踏自然萬物,后者引出無數(shù)人世慘案。(2)生命哲學可謂反對存在的虛妄性的第一次集中嘗試。而20世紀諸多偉大哲學家對生活的鐘情則是反對虛妄存在的另一集體嘗試。以“生命”為道路,試圖走出以人類“理性存在”為核心的形而上學誤區(qū),試圖拯救科學主義所帶來的現(xiàn)代危機,如今看來越來越顯得無助。當代世界命運就是海德格爾所謂的“無家可歸”。家園是生活的棲所。越來越多的思想家從不同的視角將關(guān)注的目標投向“生活”,這成了世界性的思想潮流。當今世界,不是“存在”,也不是“生命”,而是“生活”成了“核心觀念”。(3)生活詩學的終極目標就是希望人們把生活作為在這個世界上的最本真實在(加塞爾),就是希望人們無論將來結(jié)果如何都應(yīng)積極地生活(加謬),都應(yīng)積極地追求意義和行動從而不斷地重新開始創(chuàng)造生活故事(阿倫特),就是積極地在生活實踐中確定自己的道德標準(鮑曼)。 生活詩學立意在積極生活,它以一種渾整的生活觀來審視美、詩以及藝術(shù),得出一些與眾不同的結(jié)論。(1)生活詩學將美定義為“生活之在的呈現(xiàn)”,旨在強調(diào)美是完整的人與完整的生活的共鳴或“異質(zhì)同構(gòu)”。完整的人就是“生命的自我—生活的自我—存在的自我”。完整的生活就是“生命—生活—存在”。美的意義主要是提升生活、整全生活進而使我們感念生活。(2)生活詩學還給詩一個包含生命與存在維度在內(nèi)的整體生活,即三位一體的“生命—生活—存在”。詩的本質(zhì)為“生活之在的音樂化”。詩有三大人文意義:再造整體存在的人、同擊后現(xiàn)代相對主義以及營造和諧的生活世界。(3)站在海德格爾等現(xiàn)當代哲學家的思想高峰之上,憑借莫蘭等人倡導的“復雜思維”,生活詩學對藝術(shù)與生活之關(guān)系老調(diào)新彈:藝術(shù)是“生活之在的審美形式(化)”。藝術(shù)邏輯與生活邏輯異質(zhì)同構(gòu)。生活邏輯既不是“非(敵視)邏輯”,也不是“無(沒有)邏輯”,而是一種“超邏輯”或“游戲邏輯”。藝術(shù)的崇高使命就在于:呈現(xiàn)和追問生活之在的意義與價值。 對海德格爾美學的批判與救贖,矛頭直指“理論主義”。從頭到尾我們都滲透著對理論主義的蔑視,對生活的青睞。沒有生活維度的理論都不是好理論。在這個道路上,最大的障礙就是理論主義。因而這篇論文實際上也就是一個書生向理論主義的個體宣戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:The essence of Heidegger's aesthetics is the "the existence of poetics", which is the flower of the truth of the thought, which is the criticism of the western traditional knowledge theory. The greatest contribution of Hae's aesthetics is the two opposite of the super-de-epistemology, and the aesthetic construction is based on the existence, so that the aesthetics has since become a kind of root science. The theory of art and poetry is the core of its aesthetics. (1) The art theory is mainly from the dimension of the truth, and discusses the formation and the occurrence of the truth in the art. The essence of the works is the occurrence of the truth; the creation is the reception and acquisition of the existence of the truth, the art is the creation of the truth in the work; the modern art is the art of dissimilation, and the revival of the true art has the dual mission of saving the modern art and saving the future of mankind. (2) The theory of poetry is mainly from the dimension of the Tao (the true language), and the relation between the poetry and the art, the poetry and the existence, the poem and the dwelling. It is believed that all the artistic essence is a poem; a poem is the creation of the word; the poem provides the divine dimension of the poetic dwelling. (3) In addition, the Hahlet's theory of beauty is also inspired. For example, from the point of view of the truth from the point of view of the analysis of the art of art, the beauty is the light of the truth; in the analysis of the view from the existing point of view, all the people are the most beautiful; and the analysis of nature from this point of view points out that the simultaneous confusion and the deity are the essence of beauty. Hy's aesthetics exists as a body to digest the human nature of the split of the epistemology. It is a revelation that our future aesthetics must be in the existence of the whole person, that is, the person's" word of life "< "/ trunk> is a body. In the presence of life as an aesthetic body, not only the aesthetic is separated from an ivory tower-like college, but the aesthetics is pulled back to the living world, and the aesthetics is based on the experience world and given the form of the transcendental dimension of the metaphysical, so as to make the aesthetics go." To a broader perspective. From the existence to the existence of life, the change of the subject of the aesthetics means that from the "the existence of poetics" to the "life poetic" ". The life poetics is to rebuild a more complex and complex concept of life, that is," The existence of the lif " e of life " one-in-one view. Based on the life poetics of the western thought history, it has a profound theoretical background: The "exist" is the core concept of the western metaphysics, the existence of the life, the reality of life, and the reality of life. The false is the most characteristic of the western metaphysics. There are three aspects: one is to regard everything as the existence, the existence of a rational abstract, the existence of a rational abstract, and the existence of a dynamic inductive entity, and the delusion from the existence of the present. Hegel is typical, and Heidegger is an accomplice. The other is to regard the existence of human or the existence of God as authority, and to be proud of all other existence, the former trampling on the nature of the nature, the latter leads to a number of human tragedy. (2) The philosophy of life can The first set of attempts to oppose the existence of the false, and the great philosophers of the twentieth century have the right to live. At first sight, it is another collective attempt to oppose the existence of the false. The "life poetics" is the way to try to get out of the metaphysical misconception of" the existence of the life of human life "as the core, and try to save the scientism. The modern crisis, which now seems to be helpless, is Heidegger's so-called "Chunk>" Ho. melessnes "s" . The home is the habitat of life. More and more thinkers focus on the target of" trunk> "life" from different perspectives. The world, not a "exist", is not a "life", but the "life" is" unk> "c (3) The ultimate goal of life poetics is to hope that people live as the most authentic in this world, and that is, it is the hope that people In the future, we should actively pursue the meaning and action so as to re-start the creation of the life story (Arendt). To determine its own moral standard in the practice of living (Bowman). The life poetics is in a positive life, it is a whole The view of life is to look at beauty, poetry and art, and draw some different conclusions. (1) Life poetics defines the beauty as a "The presentation of life", and aims to emphasize that the beauty is the resonance of the whole and the complete life or "heterostructure" .瀹屾暣鐨勪漢灝辨槸 "The self-existence of life and the self-existen The full life is" The exist ence of the life of life" The meaning of beauty is to promote the life, the whole life and make us feel the life. (2) The life poetics is also a whole life including life and the existence of the dimension, that is, the trinity of "The exist" The essence of the poem is < The poem has three humanistic meanings: re-engineering In the presence of the body, the post-modern relativism and the creation of a harmonious life world. (3) Standing on the high peak of the present contemporary philosophers, such as Heidegger, and by virtue of the "complex thinking" advocated by Moran et al., the relationship between the life poetics and the life is the new one: the art is" the "the" the aesthetic form o The life logic is neither a "non-(hostile) logic" nor a "No (no) logic", but a "trunk>" superlogic " or "game logic". The noble mission of art is to present and inquire into the meaning and value of life, and to criticize the Heidegger's aesthetics. And Redeemer. ". From the beginning to the end Permeate the contempt of the theory and the favor of life. The theory of no life dimension is not a good theory. On this road, the greatest
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：I01

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉兆彬;;現(xiàn)象學、存在論美學研究30年[J];聊城大學學報(社會科學版);2010年06期

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本文編號：2495803

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