本文選題：比較研究 + 功能對(duì)等　； 參考：《上海海事大學(xué)》2003年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文通過對(duì)英文小說《白衣女人》兩個(gè)中譯本的比較研究，力圖探索如何將翻譯理論與技巧更好地融入到翻譯實(shí)踐中去。 本文共分為兩個(gè)主要部分，第一部分是關(guān)于翻譯理論的探討，但不僅僅局限于對(duì)現(xiàn)有翻譯理論的羅列。除了對(duì)中西方翻譯理論進(jìn)行概述以外，作者還就一些理論問題提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)。第二部分是論文的中心部分。這一部分將按照奈達(dá)的功能對(duì)等理論，對(duì)小說《白衣女人》的兩個(gè)中文譯本進(jìn)行比較研究。 第一章闡述了五個(gè)要點(diǎn)。首先談到了西方翻譯學(xué)的發(fā)展�？偟恼f來，西方翻譯學(xué)的理論發(fā)展共分三個(gè)階段：第一階段從古代的西塞羅時(shí)期到1959年，為傳統(tǒng)的翻譯學(xué)階段。第二階段從50年代初到70年代末，為現(xiàn)代的翻譯學(xué)階段。第三階段從70年代末至今，為當(dāng)代的翻譯學(xué)階段。(潘文國，2002／1：32，由作者整理，翻譯。)在西方翻譯學(xué)發(fā)展過程中，許多翻譯學(xué)學(xué)派和學(xué)者都提出了他們的理論觀點(diǎn)。本論文將詳細(xì)介紹其中一些理論：如奈達(dá)的功能對(duì)等理論，彼得-紐馬克交際翻譯和語意翻譯，文努帝的歸化、異化理論，等等。 中國是一個(gè)有著燦爛文化的文明古國，翻譯活動(dòng)同樣具有悠久的歷史。從古至今，翻譯學(xué)理論在不斷發(fā)展。我國的翻譯理論發(fā)展分為幾個(gè)階段，在第一章中有所闡述。 第一章第三節(jié)主要闡述作者對(duì)于一些理論問題的觀點(diǎn)。在對(duì)翻譯理論分析的基礎(chǔ)之上，作者以為：對(duì)于一些理論爭論，諸如翻譯是藝術(shù)還是科學(xué)，及奈達(dá)的翻譯理論是否有用等問題，要得到一個(gè)確切的結(jié)論是不容易的。但就作者的觀點(diǎn)，翻譯中的藝術(shù)成分還是更多一些；而奈達(dá)對(duì)自己理論的全盤否定也是有所偏頗的。我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，問題的關(guān)鍵在于我們?nèi)绾稳コ鋵?shí)和發(fā)展現(xiàn)有翻譯體系。作者認(rèn)為，在把功能對(duì)等理論作為總指導(dǎo)的前提下，將一些翻譯技巧融入到實(shí)踐中，是一種值得嘗試的方法。第一章后兩節(jié)涉及到翻譯中的一些細(xì)節(jié)問題，諸如翻譯過程及文學(xué)翻譯特點(diǎn)。 在論文第二章，作者通過對(duì)一部小說的兩個(gè)中譯本的比較，證明了翻譯技巧是能夠與功能對(duì)等理論相結(jié)合于實(shí)踐中的。在比較研究的過程中，作者從四個(gè)方面(詞，句，篇章，風(fēng)格)對(duì)兩個(gè)譯本進(jìn)行了分析。通過兩個(gè)譯本優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的對(duì)比，我們清楚看到，翻譯技巧是可以和理論相結(jié)合，運(yùn)用于實(shí)踐中的。 第二章第一節(jié)對(duì)詞匯，主要是詞匯的意義進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)杰弗里-利奇的觀點(diǎn)，常見的語義分為七種：概念義，聯(lián)想義，社會(huì)義，感情義，反映義，搭配義，和主題義。文章這一部分討論怎樣將詞匯翻譯得準(zhǔn)確，自然，使其能在譯語讀者中產(chǎn)生與在原語讀者中一樣的效果。換句話說，即達(dá)到奈達(dá)所倡導(dǎo)的功能對(duì)等。 第二節(jié)討論句子結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。由于英漢兩種語言的語言系統(tǒng)和模式有所不同，在翻譯句子時(shí)，，將采取一些調(diào)整手段和方法，使所譯的句子符合“準(zhǔn)確”和“自然”這兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在譯語讀者中再現(xiàn)同樣效果。 第三節(jié)講述篇章中信息安排這一問題。對(duì)于篇章翻譯中信息安排的研究，文章這一部分主要涉及如何就篇章銜接，連接，和主題、述題等方面達(dá)到功能對(duì)等的翻譯。 第四節(jié)涉及翻譯的風(fēng)格問題。在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作過程中，作者逐漸形成自己獨(dú)特 的風(fēng)格。由于每個(gè)作者都有不同的經(jīng)歷，立場，觀點(diǎn)，藝術(shù)成就和個(gè)性，在對(duì)藝 術(shù)主題和形式，表達(dá)技巧和形式等方面進(jìn)行處理時(shí)有著各自特征。因此，作者的 風(fēng)格是包含在其文學(xué)作品中的。奈達(dá)的“功能對(duì)等”既包含意義上的對(duì)等，也包 含風(fēng)格上的對(duì)等。我們?cè)陂喿x文學(xué)作品時(shí)，我們認(rèn)識(shí)到的不僅是原文內(nèi)容，還包 括原文風(fēng)格。因此，譯者必須使譯文讀者得到原文讀者所得到的一切信息。否則， 他的譯作就算不上是成功的。這一節(jié)主要研究小說中人物語言，修辭手段的風(fēng)格， 對(duì)兩個(gè)譯本進(jìn)行比較，從而探討怎樣作到對(duì)等翻譯。 最后一章是論文的結(jié)論部分。作者對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié):(l)翻譯更 是一門藝術(shù)，而不是科學(xué)。(2)奈達(dá)的功能對(duì)等理論至今仍然有效，且能用作翻 譯實(shí)踐的指導(dǎo)方針。(3)我們應(yīng)該把研究重點(diǎn)放在充實(shí)和發(fā)展現(xiàn)有翻譯體系，將 理論和技巧相結(jié)合。 對(duì)比研究過程中還提及了一些其他的翻譯理論。比如，在談到文化信息的 翻譯問題時(shí)，就涉及到了對(duì)于“異化”，“歸化”理論的探討。 在整個(gè)研究過程中，作者盡量避免主觀看待問題，而是通過對(duì)于客觀例證 的研究，來證明翻譯理論是可以用來指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐，并能為事實(shí)所支持。
[Abstract]:Through a comparative study of the two Chinese versions of "white clothes women" in English novels, this paper tries to find out how to integrate translation theories and techniques into translation practice.
This article is divided into two main parts. The first part is about the theory of translation, but it is not limited to the list of existing translation theories. In addition to a summary of Chinese and western translation theories, the author also puts forward his own views on some theoretical issues. The second part is the central part of the thesis. This part will be based on Nida. Based on the functional equivalence theory, a comparative study of two Chinese versions of the novel white lady is made.
The first chapter expounds the five main points. First, it talks about the development of western translation studies. Generally speaking, the theoretical development of western translation studies is divided into three stages: the first stage from the ancient Cicero period to the 1959, the traditional translation stage. The second stage from the early 50s to the end of the 70s, the modern translation stage. The third stage is from 70. From the end of the decade to the present stage of translatology. (Pan Wenguo, 2002 / 1:32, by the author, translation.) in the course of the development of western translation studies, many translatology and scholars have put forward their theoretical views. This paper will introduce some of them in detail, such as Nida's functional equivalence theory, Peter Newmark communication translation and Semantic translation, Wen Du Di's domestication, alienation theory, etc.
China is an ancient civilization with a splendid culture, and translation activities also have a long history. From ancient times to the present, the theory of translation studies has been developing continuously. The development of translation theory in China is divided into several stages, which is explained in the first chapter.
The third section of the first chapter mainly expounds the author's views on some theoretical questions. On the basis of the analysis of translation theory, the author thinks that it is not easy to get a definite conclusion for some theoretical arguments, such as whether translation is art or science, and whether Nida's translation theory is useful. There are still more artistic elements in translation; Nida's overall negation of his theory is biased. We should realize that the key to the problem lies in how we enrich and develop the existing translation system. The author believes that some translation techniques are incorporated into practice under the premise of the function equivalence theory as the general guidance. The first two chapters involve some details in translation, such as the process of translation and the characteristics of literary translation.
In the second chapter of the thesis, by comparing the two Chinese versions of a novel, the author proves that translation skills can be combined with functional equivalence theory in practice. In the process of comparative study, the author analyses two versions of the translation from four aspects (word, sentence, text, style). Through the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the two translations, we are clear. Chu sees that translation skills can be combined with theory and applied in practice.
The first section of the second chapter analyzes the meaning of vocabulary. According to Geoffrey Leach's point of view, the common semantics are divided into seven kinds: conceptual meaning, association meaning, social meaning, emotional meaning, reflection meaning, collocation meaning, and theme meaning. This part discusses how to translate vocabulary accurately and naturally, so that it can be produced in the target reader. The same effect is found in the source language readers, in other words, to achieve functional equivalence advocated by Nida.
The second section discusses the adjustment of sentence structure. Due to the difference in the language system and pattern of the two languages in English and Chinese, some adjustment means and methods will be taken to make the sentences conform to the two standards of "accuracy" and "nature", and the same effect can be reproduced in the target readers.
The third section describes the problem of information arrangement in a text. For the study of the arrangement of information in text translation, this part of the article mainly deals with the translation of functional equivalence in the aspects of text cohesion, connection, theme, and questions.
The fourth section deals with the style of translation. In the process of literary creation, the author gradually forms his own uniqueness.
Because each writer has different experiences, standpoints, viewpoints, artistic achievements and personality, he has a good command of art.
There are different characteristics in handling themes and forms, skills and forms of expression.
Style is included in his literary works. Nida's "functional equivalence" includes both equivalence and equivalence in meaning.
We have a stylistic equivalence. When we read literature, we recognize not only the original content, but also the package.
The translator must make the target reader get all the information from the original reader.
His translation is not successful. This section focuses on the style of figures and rhetorical devices in novels.
A comparison between the two versions is made to explore how to do equivalence translation.
The last chapter is the conclusion of the thesis. The author summarizes his own views: (L) translation is more
It is an art, not a science. (2) Nida's theory of functional equivalence is still valid and can be used to turn over.
(3) we should focus our research on enriching and developing the existing translation system.
Theory and skill are combined.
In the process of comparative study, some other translation theories are mentioned, such as cultural information.
Translation problems involve the discussion of "alienation" and "domestication" theory.
In the whole research process, the author tries to avoid subjective view, but through objective illustration.
The study proves that translation theory can be used to guide practice and support facts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：I046

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